|  | AL ( +) | p-value | OR (95% CIs) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Male | 14/123 (11.4%) | 0.083 | 2.611 (0.821–9.447) |
Female | 3/64 (4.7%) | |||
Age, years |  ≥ 70 | 4/70 (5.7%) | 0.210 | 0.484 (0.151–1.550) |
 < 70 | 13/117 (11.1%) | |||
BMI |  > 25 | 2/27 (7.4%) | 0.394 | 0.506 (0.106–2.419) |
 < 25 | 12/88 (13.6%) | |||
Tumor location | Low | 11/78 (14.1%) | 0.051 | 2.818 (0.994–7.983) |
Upper, middle | 6/109 (5.5%) | |||
Tumor staging | Stages I and II | 11/99 (11.1%) | 0.312 | 1.708 (0.604–4.829) |
Stages III and IV | 6/88 (6.8%) | |||
Neoadjuvant therapy |  +  | 2/18 (11.1%) | 0.754 | 1.283 (0.268–6.123) |
 −  | 15/169 (8.9%) | |||
Surgical procedure | LAR, ISR | 14/136 (10.3%) | 0.330 | 1.836 (0.504–6.675) |
HAR | 3/51 (5.9%) | |||
Operating time (min) |  ≥ 360 | 10/68 (14.7%) | 0.048 | 2.758 (1.023–7.624) |
 < 360 | 7/119 (5.9%) | |||
Blood loss (mL) |  ≥ 100 | 6/52 (11.5%) | 0.472 | 1.470 (− 0.514–4.204) |
 < 100 | 11/135 (8.2%) | |||
Transanal tube |  −  | 10/111 (9%) | 0.962 | 0.975 (0.354–2.688) |
 +  | 7/76 (9.2%) | |||
Diverting stoma |  −  | 12/116 (10.3%) | 0.448 | 1.523 (0.513–4.520) |
 +  | 5/71 (7%) | |||
ICG fluorescence imaging |  −  | 14/114 (12.3%) | 0.046 | 3.266 (1.038–11.793) |
 +  | 3/73 (4.1%) |