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Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the compared groups (n = 117 patients)

From: Analyzing the role of reoperation in recurrent glioblastoma: a 15-year retrospective study in a single institution

Variable of interest

Reintervention (n = 33)

Chemotherapy (n = 84)

Statistical test

p value

Age (years)

  

MW-U

0.085

  Mean

52.91

57.70

  

  Median

55.00

58.00

  

  Range

7–70

31–76

  

Sex

  

χ2

0.364

  Male

17 (51.5%)

51 (60.7%)

  

  Female

16 (48.5%)

33 (39.3%)

  

Comorbidities

  

χ2

0.351

  Present

7 (21.2%)

25 (29.8%)

  

  Absent

26 (78.8%)

59 (70.2%)

  

Volume (cm3)

  

MW-U

0.501

  Mean

30.61

33.52

  

  Median

22.90

24.10

  

  Range

1.0–111.9

1.6–116.5

  

Resection at first surgery

  

χ2

0.036

  GTR

29 (87.9%)

   

  STR

4 (12.1%)

   

Surgical assistants

  

χ2

0.415

  None

11 (33.3%)

15 (17.9%)

  

  Navigation

12 (36.4%)

30 (35.7%)

  

  Advanced

10 (30.3%)

39 (46.4%)

  

IDH status

  

χ2

0.922

  IDH-wildtype

16 (48.5%)

44 (52.4%)

  

  IDH-mutant

1 (3.0%)

2 (2.4%)

  

  Not studied

16 (48.5%)

38 (45.2%)

  

Complications at first surgery

  

χ2

0.676

  None

26 (78.8%)

61 (72.6%)

  

  Grade I

4 (12.1%)

15 (17.8%)

  

  Grade II

2 (6.1%)

4 (4.8%)

  

  Grade III

1 (3.0%)

4 (4.8%)

  

  Grade IV

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

  

ECOG 1

  

χ2

0.295

  Asymptomatic/mild

30 (90.9%)

70 (83.3%)

  

  Symptomatic

3 (9.1%)

14 (16.7%)

  

Chemotherapy (TMZ)

  

χ2

0.001

  Complete Stupp

28 (84.8%)

40 (47.6%)

  

  Incomplete Stupp

5 (15.2%)

44 (52.4%)

  

Progression

  

χ2

0.020

  Only radiological

24 (72.7%)

31 (36.9%)

  

  Clinical

9 (27.3%)

53 (63.1%)

  

ECOG 2

  

χ2

0.001

  Asymptomatic/mild

27 (81.8%)

45 (53.6%)

  

  Symptomatic

6 (18.2%)

39 (46.4%)

  
  1. GTR gross total resection, STR subtotal resection, ECOG 1 ECOG after the first procedure, ECOG 2 ECOG at progression, MW-U Mann–Whitney U test, χ2 chi-square test