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Table 3 The list of potential biomarkers from the PLS-DA model

From: The amino acid and carnitine concentration changes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from lung cancer patients

Metabolite

VIP value

Lung cancer

Non-cancer

p value*

Mean ± SD

p value

Mean ± SD

p value

Hcy

2.94

8.45 ± 0.38

 < 0.001

8.81 ± 0.39

0.005

0.001

Ser

2.59

3.29 ± 1.16

 < 0.001

2.40 ± 1.05

0.002

 < 0.001

Asn

2.59

28.84 ± 5.39

 < 0.001

37.18 ± 4.09

0.059

 < 0.001

Cys

2.41

1.26 ± 0.33

 < 0.001

2.77 ± 3.43

 < 0.001

0.001

C26

2.37

0.01 ±  < 0.01

 < 0.001

0.01 ± 0.01

 < 0.001

0.001

Lys

2.16

10.52 ± 1.92

 < 0.001

42.93 ± 78.79

 < 0.001

0.048

C26/C20

1.82

0.25 ± 0.16

 < 0.001

0.11 ± 0.21

 < 0.001

0.001

C20

1.58

0.02 ± 0.01

 < 0.001

0.02 ± 0.02

0.001

0.937

C6DC

1.47

0.06 ± 0.14

 < 0.001

0.09 ± 0.17

 < 0.001

0.864

Trp

1.39

5.21 ± 1.07

 < 0.001

6.80 ± 2.38

0.003

0.001

C5DC/C8

1.35

0.56 ± 0.62

 < 0.001

0.54 ± 0.83

 < 0.001

0.043

C5-OH/C8

1.33

0.84 ± 0.64

 < 0.001

0.57 ± 0.56

0.001

0.025

C4DC

1.31

0.03 ± 0.02

 < 0.001

0.05 ± 0.02

0.003

0.001

C5DC/C16

1.31

0.26 ± 0.23

0.001

0.46 ± 0.83

 < 0.001

0.590

C22

1.30

0.01 ± 0.01

 < 0.001

0.02 ± 0.03

 < 0.001

0.433

Glu

1.24

8.43 ± 1.45

 < 0.001

11.15 ± 3.91

0.045

0.001

Asp

1.12

6.79 ± 1.81

 < 0.001

8.81 ± 3.51

0.009

0.002

Gln

1.11

1.07 ± 0.26

 < 0.001

2.68 ± 3.57

 < 0.001

0.002

C5DC/C5-OH

1.10

0.91 ± 1.14

 < 0.001

0.17 ± 0.32

 < 0.001

0.002

C5DC

1.06

 < 0.01 ±  < 0.01

 < 0.001

0.02 ±  < 0.01

 < 0.001

0.127

C12

1.05

0.01 ± 0.02

 < 0.001

0.03 ± 0.04

 < 0.001

0.022

C3DC/C10

1.05

0.37 ± 0.29

 < 0.001

0.33 ± 0.27

0.005

0.149

His

1.05

7.84 ± 6.50

 < 0.001

9.35 ± 13.69

 < 0.001

0.360

Tyr/Cit

1.01

3.89 ± 8.26

 < 0.001

2.38 ± 2.55

0.001

0.851

  1. VIP value variable importance in the projection is assessed using the PLS-DA model, The data are presented as mean ± standard deviation: amine acid and carnitine unit was μmol/L; p value the statistical significance was assessed using the Shapiro–Wilk test. p value* the statistical significance was assessed using the Mann–Whitney U test. p < 0.05 indicates significance and p < 0.01 indicates more significance for statistical analysis. The C26 level of non-cancer group is 0.007 ± 0.010 μmol/L, its lung cancer group 0.010 ± 0.004 μmol/L