Table 3 Postoperative pathologic outcomes (overall cohort)
Variables | Open N=49 | Laparoscopic N=92 | Robotic N=70 | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Tumor location | 0.067†| |||
 TC&SF, n (%) | 14 (28.6%) | 26 (28.3%) | 16 (22.9%) | |
 UDC, n (%) | 24 (49.0%) | 29 (31.5%) | 21 (30.0%) | |
 LDC, n (%) | 11 (22.4%) | 37 (40.2%) | 33 (47.1%) | |
With adenomatous polyps, n (%) | 11 (22.4%) | 31 (33.7%) | 14 (20.0%) | 0.112†|
Neoplasm longest diameter (cm) | 5.6±2.4 | 5.1±1.8 | 5.0±1.8 | 0.243§ |
Tumor differentiation | 0.834‡ | |||
 Well, n (%) | 3 (6.1%) | 10 (10.9%) | 8 (11.4%) | |
 Moderate, n (%) | 36 (73.5%) | 69 (75.0%) | 54 (77.1%) | |
 Poor, n (%) | 7 (14.3%) | 8 (8.7%) | 5 (7.1%) | |
 Mucinous, n (%) | 3 (6.1%) | 5 (5.4%) | 3 (4.3%) | |
pTNM stage | 0.261†| |||
 I, n (%) | 5 (10.2%) | 14 (15.2%) | 15 (21.4%) | |
 II, n (%) | 22 (44.9%) | 45 (48.9%) | 24 (34.3%) | |
 III, n (%) | 22 (44.9%) | 33 (35.9%) | 31 (44.3%) | |
pT stage | 0. 412‡ | |||
 T1, n (%) | 2 (4.1%) | 10 (10.9%) | 10 (14.3%) | |
 T2, n (%) | 4 (8.2%) | 4 (4.3%) | 5 (7.1%) | |
 T3, n (%) | 6 (12.2%) | 11 (12.0%) | 4 (5.7%) | |
 T4a, n (%) | 35 (75.5%) | 62 (72.8%) | 51 (72.9%) | |
pN stage | 0.399†| |||
 N0, n (%) | 27 (55.1%) | 59 (64.1%) | 39 (55.7%) | |
 N1, n (%) | 13 (26.5%) | 21 (22.8%) | 24 (34.3%) | |
 N2, n (%) | 9 (18.4%) | 12 (13.0%) | 7 (10.0%) | |
Number of lymph node harvest | 14.7±6.2 | 14.0±6.0 | 14.0±4.8 | 0.725§ |
Positive resection margin, n (%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | / |
With lymph node metastasis, n (%) | 22 (44.9%) | 32 (34.8%) | 31 (44.3%) | 0.358†|
With lymphovascular invasion, n (%) | 11 (22.4%) | 14 (15.2%) | 10 (14.3%) | 0.447†|
With extranodal tumor deposits, n (%) | 6 (12.2%) | 14 (15.2%) | 13 (18.6%) | 0.639†|
With perineural invasion, n (%) | 17 (34.7%) | 34 (37.0%) | 24 (34.3%) | 0.931†|