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Table 2 Complications of TEE-guided TIVAD implantation

From: Transesophageal echocardiography-guided implantation of totally implantable venous access devices via the internal jugular vein: retrospective analysis of 297 cases in pediatric patients

Complications

Perioperative (≤ 24 h)

Early (≤ 30 days)

Late (≥ 30 days)

Total

Incision infection

   

10

 Dressing change

 

5

 

5

 Debridement

 

1

 

1

 Removed port

 

2

2

4

Catheter malposition

   

58

 Repositioned

 

4

  

 Examination or no treatment

 

54

  

Explantation

   

6

 Re-implanted

 

2

1

3

 PICC or SVC

  

3

3

CRT

  

1

1

Port punctured

  

1

1

Residues

  

1

1

Venipuncture failure

1

  

1

  1. TIVAD totally implantable venous access device, TEE transesophageal echocardiography, PICC peripherally inserted central catheter, SVC superior vena cava, CRT catheter-related thrombosis