Table 1 Comparison of the baseline characteristics and pathological outcomes between the AYA and non-AYA groups

Age (years)

36.0 ± 4.4

62.0 ± 6.4

< 0.01

 Male

56 (76.7%)

140 (82.4%)

 Female

17 (23.3%)

30 (17.6)

NS

 HBV

60 (82.1%)

141 (83.0%)

 Others

13 (17.8%)

29 (17.0%)

NS

BMI (kg/m²)

22.1 ± 1.2

20.6 ± 0.9

NS

AST (U/L)

42 (23–119)

50 (16–269)

NS

ALT (U/L)

62 (22–167)

54 (9–204)

NS

Albumin (g/dL)

4.2 ± 0.4

4.0 ± 0.5

NS

Total bilirubin (mg/dL)

0.7 ± 0.4

0.7 ± 0.4

NS

Platelet (× 10³/mm³)

199 (40–362)

183 (66–393)

NS

INR

1.1 ± 0.1

1.1 ± 0.1

NS

AFP (ng/dL)

5923 (2–59,403)

3341 (1–59,779)

< 0.01

PIVKA-II

271 (10–500)

238 (11–500)

NS

ICG R15 (%)

8.5 (2.4–41.5)

10.0 (3.7–48.6)

NS

Child-Pugh grade B, n (%)

2 (3.0%)

5 (2.9%)

NS

Family history of HCC or other cancers, n (%)

15 (20.5%)

20 (11.8%)

< 0.05

Maximum tumor size > 5 cm

42 (57.5%)

76 (44.1)

< 0.05

Multiple tumors

6 (8.2%)

15 (8.8%)

NS

Microvascular invasion

64 (87.7%)

121 (71.2%)

< 0.01

Portal vein invasion

24 (32.9%)

33 (19.4%)

< 0.01

Satellite nodules

12 (16.4%)

31 (18.2%)

NS

 I + II

36 (49.3%)

151 (88.8%)

 III + IV

37 (50.7%)

19 (11.2%)

< 0.01

Tumor capsule formation

39 (53.4%)

126 (74.1%)

< 0.01

Hepatic capsule invasion

8 (11.0%)

9 (5.3%)

<0.01

Microvascular tumor emboli

47 (64.4%)

119 (70.0%)

NS

 I + II

25 (34.2%)

68 (40.4%)

 III + IV

48 (65.8%)

102 (60.0%)

NS

Resection margin < 1 cm

36 (49.3%)

77 (45.3%)

NS