Variables | RAS (n=200) | LAS (n=486) | P |
---|---|---|---|
Operative time (min, mean, SD) | 249±64 | 203±47 | <0.0001 |
Intraoperative blood loss, mean (SD), ml | 82±49 | 95±32 | 0.001 |
Blood transfusion (yes, %) | 8 (4) | 18 (3.7) | 0.765 |
Conversion to laparotomy | 0 (0) | 2 (0.4) | 1 |
Temporary ileostomy (yes,%) | 129 (64.5) | 251 (51.6) | 0.002 |
The leaving bed time (days, median, IQR) | 2 (2,3) | 3 (2,3) | <0.0001 |
Time to first flatus, days, median (P25, P75, IQR) | 2 (1,3) | 3 (2,3) | <0.0001 |
Time to liquid diet, days, median (P25, P75, IQR) | 3 (2,4) | 4 (3,4) | <0.0001 |
VAS score, median (P25, P75, IQR) | |||
 Day 1 | 2 (1,2) | 2 (1,2) | 0.624 |
 Day 2 | 1 (1,2) | 1 (1,2) | 0.54 |
 Day 3 | 1 (1,1) | 1 (1,1) | 0.738 |
Removal time of catheter, days, mean (SD) | 4.9±1.2 | 5.2±1.3 | 0.004 |
Volume of drainage, ml, mean (SD) | 209±63 | 222±100 | 0.083 |
The drainage of cube duration, days, mean (SD) | 5.7±1.3 | 5.9±1.6 | 0.168 |
Postoperative length of stay, days, mean (SD) | 9.5±4.6 | 11.3±5.9 | <0.0001 |
Overall complications, n (%) | 32 (16) | 86 (17.7) | 0.593 |
Anastomotic leakage (%) | 8 (4) | 24 (4.9) | 0.596 |
Anastomotic and abdominal bleeding (%) | 2 (1) | 5 (1) | 1 |
Wound infection (%) | 2 (1) | 4 (0.8) | 1 |
Abdominal infection (%) | 1 (0.5) | 5 (1) | 0.677 |
Pulmonary infection (%) | 3 (1.5) | 10 (2.1) | 0.765 |
Urinary infection (%) | 1 (0.5) | 5 (1) | 0.677 |
Urinary retention (%) | 7 (3.5) | 20 (4.1) | 0.706 |
Cardiovascular accident (%) | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.2) | 0.498 |
Venous thromboembolism (%) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.2) | 1 |
Ileus (%) | 7 (3.5) | 11 (2.3) | 0.357 |
Clavien-Dindo classification | |||
 I(%) | 10 (5) | 24 (4.9) | 0.887 |
 II(%) | 16 (8) | 52 (10.7) | |
 III(%) | 4 (2) | 6 (1.2) | |
 IV(%) | 1 (0.5) | 2 (0.4) | |
 V(%) | 1 (0.5) | 2 (0.4) | |
Tumor size, cm, mean (SD) | 3.95±1.30 | 4.05±1.33 | 0.345 |
Tumor differentiation, n (%) | |||
Well differentiated adenocarcinoma | 10 (5) | 27 (5.6) | 0.319 |
Moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma | 160 (80) | 361 (74.3) | |
Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma | 18 (9) | 49 (10.1) | |
Mucinous adenocarcinoma | 12 (6) | 49 (10.1) | |
Number of harvested lymph nodes, mean (SD) | 13.6±3.7 | 14.0±3.7 | 0.169 |
Vascular invasion, n (%) | 118 (59) | 291 (59.9) | 0.832 |
Nerve invasion, n (%) | 63 (31.5) | 126 (25.9) | 0.138 |
Tumor deposit, N (%) | 55 (27.5) | 137 (28.2) | 0.855 |
Distal resection margin (cm, median, IQR) | 1.4 (1.1,1.875) | 1.6 (1,2) | 0.004 |
Positive circumferential resection margin, n (%) | 1 (0.5) | 3 (0.6) | 1 |
Quality of the mesorectal excision R0 resection, n (%) | 200 (100) | 484 (99.6) | 1 |
pT stage, N (%) | |||
 Tis | 6 (3) | 12 (2.5) | 0.569 |
 T1 | 24 (12) | 49 (10.1) | |
 T2 | 58 (29) | 120 (24.7) | |
 T3 | 106 (53) | 292 (60.1) | |
 T4a | 6 (3) | 13 (2.7) | |
 T4b | |||
pN stage, N (%) | |||
 N0 | 121 (60.5) | 277 (57) | 0.48 |
 N1a | 21 (10.5) | 46 (9.5) | |
 N1b | 24 (12) | 59 (12.1) | |
 N1c | 13 (6.5) | 25 (5.1) | |
 N2a | 11 (5.5) | 35 (7.2) | |
 N2b | 10 (5) | 44 (9.1) | |
pTNM stage, N (%) | |||
 I | 67 (33.5) | 132 (27.2) | 0.251 |
 II | 56 (28) | 150 (30.9) | |
 III | 77 (38.5) | 204 (42) |