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Table 1 Baseline characteristics

From: Evaluation of the learning curve for conformal sphincter preservation operation in the treatment of ultralow rectal cancer

 

Total (n = 108)

Learning period (45 cases)

Completion period (63 cases)

P

Gender (cases)

   

0.247

 Male

70 (64.8%)

32 (29.6%)

38 (35.2%)

 

 Female

38 (35.2%)

13 (12%)

25 (23.2%)

 

Age (years)

57.0 ± 10.9

56.3 ± 12.0

57.5 ± 10.0

0.578

BMI (Kg/m2)

23.0 ± 3.3

23.2 ± 3.7

22.9 ± 3.0

0.633

ASA classification

   

0.278

 1

9 (8.3%)

5 (4.6%)

4 (3.7%)

 

 2

92 (85.2%)

38 (35.2%)

54 (50%)

 

 3

7 (6.5%)

2 (1.9%)

5 (4.6%)

 

 4

0

0

0

 

Previous abdominal surgical history

   

0.535

 Yes

12 (11.1%)

4 (3.7%)

8 (7.4%)

 

 No

96 (88.9%)

41 (38%)

55 (50.9%)

 

Neoadjuvant therapy

   

0.16

 Yes

37 (34.3%)

12 (11.1%)

25 (23.2%)

 

 No

71 (65.7%)

33 (30.5%)

38 (35.2%)

 

CEA (ng/ml)

   

0.781

 Abnormal

23 (21.3%)

9 (8.3%)

14 (13%)

 

 Normal

85 (78.7%)

36 (33.3%)

49 (45.4%)

 

CA19-9 (U/ml)

   

0.947

 Abnormal

7 (6.5%)

3 (2.8%)

4 (3.7%)

 

 Normal

101 (93.5%)

42 (38.9%)

59 (54.6%)

 

Intraoperative blood loss (ml)

168.8 ± 87.2

204.7 ± 99.7

143.1 ± 67.1

0

Number of harvested lymph nodes

12.8 ± 4.6

13.3 ± 4.5

12.4 ± 4.7

0.323

Distance of tumor from anal verge (cm)

3.4 ± 1.1

3.2 ± 0.9

3.5 ± 0.9

0.192

Distal resection margin (cm)

0.7 ± 0.5

0.6 ± 0.4

0.7 ± 0.6

0.393

Maximum diameter of mass (cm)

3.0 ± 1.4

3.1 ± 1.7

2.9 ± 1.2

0.342

Preoperative tumor gross type

   

0.683

 No/scar

10 (9.3%)

5 (4.6%)

5 (4.7%)

 

 Ulcerative

61 (56.5%)

23 (21.3%)

38 (35.2%)

 

 Proliferated

36 (33.3%)

16 (14.8%)

20 (18.5%)

 

 Infiltrated

1 (0.9%)

1 (0.9%)

0

 

The degree of tumor differentiation

   

0.672

 No/premalignant lesion

12 (11.1%)

5 (4.6%)

7 (6.5%)

 

 High differentiation

6 (5.6%)

1 (0.9%)

5 (4.7%)

 

 Medium differentiation

83 (76.8%)

36 (33.3%)

47 (43.5%)

 

 Low differentiation

7 (6.5%)

3 (2.8%)

4 (3.7%)

 

cT stage

   

0.132

 0

0

0

0

 

 1

18 (16.7%)

8 (7.4%)

10(9.3%)

 

 2

51 (47.2%)

24 (22.2%)

27 (25%)

 

 3

38 (35.2%)

13 (12%)

25 (23.2%)

 

 4

1 (0.9%)

0

1 (0.9%)

  

cN stage

   

0.883

 0

63 (58.3%)

28 (25.9%)

35 (32.4%)

 

 1

33 (30.6%)

12 (11.1%)

21 (19.5%)

 

 2

12 (11.1%)

5 (4.6%)

7 (6.5%)

 

pT stage

   

0.559

 0

6 (5.6%)

3 (2.8%)

3 (2.8%)

 

 1

22 (20.4%)

9 (8.3%)

13 (12.1%)

 

 2

52 (48.1%)

23 (21.3%)

29 (26.8%)

 

 3

28 (25.9%)

10 (9.3%)

18 (16.6%)

 

 4

0

0

0

 

pN stage

   

0.448

 0

89 (82.4%)

35 (32.4%)

54 (50%)

 

 1

16 (14.8%)

9 (8.3%)

7 (6.5%)

 

 2

3 (2.8%)

1 (0.9%)

2 (1.9%)

 

pTNM comprehensive staging

   

0.642

 0

6 (5.6%)

3 (2.8%)

3 (2.8%)

 

 I

66 (61.2%)

27 (25%)

39 (36.2%)

 

 II

18 (16.6%)

5 (4.6%)

13 (12%)

 

 III

18 (16.6%)

10 (9.3%)

8 (7.3%)

 

 IV

0

0

0

 

Postoperative complications

   

0.432

 Yes

18 (16.7%)

9 (8.3%)

9 (8.4%)

 

 No

90 (83.3%)

36 (33.3%)

54 (50%)

 

Postoperative infection

   

0.217

 Yes

10 (9.3%)

6 (5.6%)

4 (3.7%)

 

 No

98 (90.7%)

39 (36.1%)

59 (54.6%)

 

Classification of complications

   

0.825

 0

90 (83.3%)

36 (33.3%)

54 (50%)

 

 I

3 (2.8%)

3 (2.8%)

0

 

 II

14 (13%)

6 (5.6%)

8 (7.3%)

 

 III

1 (0.9%)

0

1 (0.9%)

 

 IV

0

0

0

 

 V

0

0

0

 

Flatus and defecation time (days)

2.1 ± 0.6

2.3 ± 0.4

2.1 ± 0.6

0

Postoperative liquid diet time (days)

2.6 ± 0.6

2.7 ± 0.5

2.5 ± 0.7

0

Postoperative hospital stay (days)

6.2 ± 2.6

6.9 ± 2.9

5.6 ± 2.2

0.002

Closure of stoma

   

0.201

 Yes

102 (94.4%)

44 (40.7%)

58 (53.7%)

 

 No

6 (5.6%)

1 (0.9%)

5 (4.7%)

 

Duration of stoma (median months)

8

7

9

0.044

 PFS3

95/108; 88.0%

38/45; 84.4%

57/63; 90.5%

0.342

 OS3

101/108; 93.5%

40/45; 88.9%

61/63; 96.8%

0

  1. Values are reported as mean ± SD or as median and interquartile range
  2. CEA > 5 ng/ml and CA19-9 > 37 U/ml were judged as abnormal