Table 4 Impact of adherent perinephric fat (APF) on perioperative outcomes in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN)

Surgical approach^a

0.344

 Retroperitoneal

178 (82.8%)

36 (87.8%)

142 (81.6%)

 Transperitoneal

37 (17.2%)

5 (12.2%)

32 (18.4%)

Operative time (min)^b

130.7 ± 41.0

158.0 ± 38.3

124.2 ± 39.0

< 0.001

Warm ischemia time (min)^b

14.3 ± 7.3

17.9 ± 7.2

13.5 ± 7.2

0.001

Estimated blood loss (ml)^c

50.0 (30.0, 100.0)

80.0 (50.0, 150.0)

50.0 (30.0, 80.0)

0.003

Transfusion^a

7 (3.3%)

3 (7.3%)

4 (2.3%)

0.254

Length of postoperative stay (days)^c

8.0 (7.0, 9.0)

8.0 (7.0, 9.0)

8.0 (7.0, 9.0)

0.191

Postoperative complication^a

68 (31.6%)

12 (29.2%)

56 (32.2%)

0.746

 Clavien-Dindo I–II

64 (29.8%)

11 (26.8%)

53 (30.5%)

 Clavien-Dindo III–IV

4 (1.8%)

1 (2.4%)

3 (1.7%)

Surgical margin^a

0.957

 Positive

5 (2.3%)

1 (2.4%)

4 (2.3%)

 Negative

210 (97.7%)

40 (97.6%)

170 (97.7%)

Renal capsule rupture^a

8 (3.7%)

5 (12.2%)

3 (1.7%)

0.006