Table 6 Endoscopic surveillance described in current recommendations after radical surgery of rectal cancer with total mesorectal excision (visualized by endoscopic ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging with contrast)
CS I | CS II‑IV | |
|---|---|---|
ESMO Consensus Guidelines 2017 [60] | A completion colonoscopy within the first year if not done at the time of diagnostic workup (e.g., if obstruction was present) History and colonoscopy with resection of colonic polyps every 5 years up to the age of 75 years | |
PTO/PTChO 2015 [59] | Colonoscopy at year 1 and then every 5 years; rectosigmoidoscopy every 6 months for 2‑5 years (in patients not undergoing radiotherapy or in the presence of T4 or N2 tumors) | |
NCCN Consensus Guidelines 2021 [61] | Colonoscopy at the first year after surgery | Colonoscopy at year 1 after surgery; if no preoperative colonoscopy—in 3‑6 months after surgery |
If advanced adenoma—repeat in 1 year | ||
If no advanced adenoma—repeat in 3 years, then every 5 years | ||