Variable | TR (%) | χ | P | LR (%) | χ | P | DM (%) | χ | P | OS (%) | χ | P | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3-year | 5-year | 3-year | 5-year | 3-year | 5-year | 3-year | 5-year | |||||||||
Sex | Â | Â | 0.189 | 0.664 | Â | Â | 0.002 | 0.962 | Â | Â | 0.505 | 0.477 | Â | Â | 1.616 | 0.204 |
 Male | 40.7 | 48.5 |  |  | 31.0 | 40.1 |  |  | 20.4 | 21.8 |  |  | 67.7 | 58.3 |  |  |
 Female | 36.4 | 47.0 |  |  | 30.6 | 39.4 |  |  | 14.6 | 25.9 |  |  | 75.1 | 71.2 |  |  |
Age (years) | Â | Â | 0.046 | 0.830 | Â | Â | 0.361 | 0.548 | Â | Â | 0.513 | 0.474 | Â | Â | 0.002 | 0.962 |
 <60 | 40.3 | 44.1 |  |  | 34.0 | 38.2 |  |  | 16.8 | 19.1 |  |  | 67.7 | 62.3 |  |  |
 ≥60 | 39.4 | 53.8 |  |  | 28.3 | 44.0 |  |  | 21.5 | 25.7 |  |  | 71.4 | 59.4 |  |  |
Tumor location | Â | Â | 2.180 | 0.336 | Â | Â | 1.485 | 0.476 | Â | Â | 2.570 | 0.277 | Â | Â | 1.092 | 0.579 |
 Upper thoracic region | 42.8 | 47.6 |  |  | 37.5 | 42.7 |  |  | 13.1 | 20.4 |  |  | 73.3 | 67.3 |  |  |
 Middle thoracic region | 42.3 | 50.5 |  |  | 31.1 | 39.6 |  |  | 24.1 | 27.6 |  |  | 64.7 | 60.3 |  |  |
 Lower thoracic region | 28.7 | 42.2 |  |  | 22.5 | 37.2 |  |  | 12.6 | 12.6 |  |  | 76.9 | 57.2 |  |  |
Surgical approach | Â | Â | 0.127 | 0.722 | Â | Â | 0.007 | 0.933 | Â | Â | 0.015 | 0.903 | Â | Â | 0.437 | 0.509 |
 Ivor–Lewis | 40.0 | 51.0 |  |  | 28.3 | 41.4 |  |  | 19.9 | 21.9 |  |  | 67.2 | 56.0 |  |  |
 McKeown | 38.8 | 45.6 |  |  | 32.7 | 37.9 |  |  | 18.6 | 23.7 |  |  | 71.0 | 66.0 |  |  |
Length of tumor | Â | Â | 0.103 | 0.748 | Â | Â | 1.937 | 0.164 | Â | Â | 0.930 | 0.335 | Â | Â | 0.130 | 0.719 |
 <4 cm | 40.8 | 49.4 |  |  | 34.8 | 44.2 |  |  | 18.0 | 20.1 |  |  | 69.8 | 59.7 |  |  |
 ≥4 cm | 38.4 | 46.5 |  |  | 25.8 | 34.0 |  |  | 20.7 | 25.7 |  |  | 69.1 | 62.0 |  |  |
Angioinvasion | Â | Â | 0.011 | 0.916 | Â | Â | 0.048 | 0.826 | Â | Â | 0.725 | 0.394 | Â | Â | 0.005 | 0.945 |
 No | 39.9 | 47.7 |  |  | 30.9 | 40.4 |  |  | 19.0 | 22.6 |  |  | 69.6 | 60.8 |  |  |
 Yes | 37.9 | 37.9 |  |  | 31.5 | 31.5 |  |  | 21.5 | 21.5 |  |  | 67.1 | 67.1 |  |  |
Perineural invasion | Â | Â | 0.004 | 0.947 | Â | Â | 0.063 | 0.802 | Â | Â | 0.092 | 0.761 | Â | Â | 1.010 | 0.315 |
 No | 39.3 | 48.9 |  |  | 30.7 | 40.9 |  |  | 19.0 | 22.9 |  |  | 71.4 | 61.9 |  |  |
 Yes | 41.1 | 41.1 |  |  | 31.8 | 31.8 |  |  | 19.5 | 19.5 |  |  | 61.0 | 61.0 |  |  |
No. of removed LNs | Â | Â | 5.417 | 0.020* | Â | Â | 4.866 | 0.027* | Â | Â | 1.375 | 0.241 | Â | Â | 4.951 | 0.026* |
 <15 | 46.2 | 64.1 |  |  | 33.5 | 55.7 |  |  | 25.9 | 33.8 |  |  | 62.4 | 50.0 |  |  |
 ≥15 | 36.9 | 40.0 |  |  | 29.7 | 32.2 |  |  | 16.4 | 17.7 |  |  | 72.4 | 66.4 |  |  |
No. of dissected LN stations | Â | Â | 2.335 | 0.126 | Â | Â | 1.827 | 0.176 | Â | Â | 0.888 | 0.346 | Â | Â | 1.718 | 0.190 |
 <6 | 43.9 | 61.9 |  |  | 31.0 | 53.1 |  |  | 25.0 | 32.0 |  |  | 66.8 | 52.1 |  |  |
 ≥6 | 37.8 | 40.2 |  |  | 30.9 | 32.4 |  |  | 16.5 | 17.9 |  |  | 70.5 | 66.8 |  |  |
Tumor grade | Â | Â | 8.299 | 0.016* | Â | Â | 8.654 | 0.013* | Â | Â | 4.274 | 0.118 | Â | Â | 7.385 | 0.025* |
 Well-differentiated | 28.9 | 45.0 |  |  | 14.5 | 31.2 |  |  | 18.7 | 27.0 |  |  | 77.3 | 67.2 |  |  |
 Moderately differentiated | 36.0 | 41.4 |  |  | 30.6 | 36.4 |  |  | 14.9 | 14.9 |  |  | 72.3 | 65.4 |  |  |
 Poorly differentiated | 52.1 | 59.1 |  |  | 42.6 | 51.0 |  |  | 25.8 | 29.9 |  |  | 59.8 | 51.1 |  |  |
Adjuvant therapy | Â | Â | 20.708 | <0.001* | Â | Â | 18.589 | <0.001* | Â | Â | 6.774 | 0.034* | Â | Â | 11.007 | 0.004* |
 No | 54.8 | 66.1 |  |  | 46.7 | 58.0 |  |  | 25.7 | 38.1 |  |  | 60.1 | 48.6 |  |  |
 Chemotherapy | 27.9 | 36.6 |  |  | 20.4 | 30.0 |  |  | 13.5 | 13.5 |  |  | 77.1 | 69.8 |  |  |
 Radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy | 24.3 | 35.1 |  |  | 9.3 | 22.3 |  |  | 20.7 | 32.0 |  |  | 73.8 | 63.3 |  |  |
Unresected small LNs status | Â | Â | 13.511 | <0.001* | Â | Â | 15.375 | <0.001* | Â | Â | 2.368 | 0.124 | Â | Â | 10.382 | 0.001* |
 CT-negative | 33.7 | 38.8 |  |  | 25.6 | 30.4 |  |  | 15.3 | 18.7 |  |  | 74.8 | 68.8 |  |  |
 CT-suspect | 54.3 | 70.9 |  |  | 44.1 | 64.4 |  |  | 29.9 | 29.9 |  |  | 56.3 | 42.5 |  |  |