Variable | Modeling set (n = 124) | Validation set (n = 99) | P value |
---|---|---|---|
Gender (%) | |||
 Male | 85 (68.5) | 67 (67.7) | 0.890 |
 Female | 39 (31.5) | 32 (32.3) |  |
Age (years) | 60.9 ± 8.7 | 61.3 ± 6.8 | 0.786 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.2 ± 3.1 | 22.5 ± 3.2 | 0.287 |
Drinking habit (%) | |||
 Yes | 23 (18.5) | 26 (26.3) | 0.167 |
 No | 101 (81.5) | 73 (73.7) |  |
Smoking habit (%) | |||
 Yes | 55 (44.4) | 42 (42.4) | 0.773 |
 No | 69 (55.6) | 57 (57.6) |  |
Diabetes mellitus (%) | |||
 Yes | 28 (22.6) | 19 (19.2) | 0.538 |
 No | 96 (77.4) | 80 (80.8) |  |
Main pancreatic duct diameter (mm) | 3.7 ± 2.5 | 3.6 ± 2.3 | 0.506 |
Margin pancreas thickness (mm) | 15.5 ± 3.8 | 14.8 ± 3.3 | 0.210 |
Main pancreatic duct index | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.885 |
Portal vein invasion diagnosisa (%) | |||
 Yes | 10 (8.1) | 7 (7.1) | 0.781 |
 No | 114 (91.9) | 92 (92.9) |  |
Intra-abdominal thicknessb (mm) | 70.6 ± 26.6 | 67.2 ± 24.3 | 0.352 |
Pancreas CT value (HU) | 38.8 ± 8.5 | 38.3 ± 9.0 | 0.710 |
Preoperative biliary drainage (%) | |||
 Yes | 16 (12.9) | 9 (9.1) | 0.370 |
 No | 108 (87.1) | 90 (90.9) |  |
Preoperative laboratory data | |||
 White blood cell count (109/L) | 6.1 ± 1.9 | 5.9 ± 1.8 | 0.450 |
 Platelet count (109/L) | 233.4 ± 69.6 | 241.0 ± 63.7 | 0.275 |
 Albumin (g/L) | 39.4 ± 4.2 | 38.8 ± 3.9 | 0.551 |
 Total bilirubin (μmol /L) | 150.5 ± 130.5 | 141.7 ± 110.6 | 0.691 |
 Amylase (IU/L), median (IQR) | 25 (16–42) | 27 (19.8–39.95) | 0.621 |
 CA19-9 (U/mL), median (IQR) | 82 (35.1–276.8) | 101 (27.5–381.3) | 0.708 |
Pancreaticojejunostomy (%) | |||
 Duct-to-mucosa | 26 (21.0) | 13 (13.1) | 0.126 |
 Dunking method | 98 (79.0) | 86 (86.9) |  |
Pancreatic cancerc (%) | |||
 Yes | 29 (23.4) | 25 (25.3) | 0.747 |
 No | 95 (76.6) | 74 (74.7) |  |
Postoperative pancreatic fistula (%) | |||
 2005 ISGPF edition | |||
  Yes | 61 (49.2) | 43 (43.4) | 0.392 |
  No | 63 (50.8) | 56 (56.6) |  |
 2016 ISGPS edition | |||
  Yes | 32 (25.8) | 23 (23.2) | 0.658 |
  No | 92 (74.2) | 76 (76.8) |  |
Surgery-related death (%) | |||
 Yes | 5 (4.0) | 3 (3.0) | 0.970 |
 No | 119 (96.0) | 96 (97.0) |  |