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Table 2 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the modeling and validation sets

From: Establishment of risk prediction model of postoperative pancreatic fistula after pancreatoduodenectomy: 2016 edition of definition and grading system of pancreatic fistula: a single center experience with 223 cases

Variable

Modeling set (n = 124)

Validation set (n = 99)

P value

Gender (%)

 Male

85 (68.5)

67 (67.7)

0.890

 Female

39 (31.5)

32 (32.3)

 

Age (years)

60.9 ± 8.7

61.3 ± 6.8

0.786

Body mass index (kg/m2)

23.2 ± 3.1

22.5 ± 3.2

0.287

Drinking habit (%)

 Yes

23 (18.5)

26 (26.3)

0.167

 No

101 (81.5)

73 (73.7)

 

Smoking habit (%)

 Yes

55 (44.4)

42 (42.4)

0.773

 No

69 (55.6)

57 (57.6)

 

Diabetes mellitus (%)

 Yes

28 (22.6)

19 (19.2)

0.538

 No

96 (77.4)

80 (80.8)

 

Main pancreatic duct diameter (mm)

3.7 ± 2.5

3.6 ± 2.3

0.506

Margin pancreas thickness (mm)

15.5 ± 3.8

14.8 ± 3.3

0.210

Main pancreatic duct index

0.3 ± 0.2

0.3 ± 0.2

0.885

Portal vein invasion diagnosisa (%)

 Yes

10 (8.1)

7 (7.1)

0.781

 No

114 (91.9)

92 (92.9)

 

Intra-abdominal thicknessb (mm)

70.6 ± 26.6

67.2 ± 24.3

0.352

Pancreas CT value (HU)

38.8 ± 8.5

38.3 ± 9.0

0.710

Preoperative biliary drainage (%)

 Yes

16 (12.9)

9 (9.1)

0.370

 No

108 (87.1)

90 (90.9)

 

Preoperative laboratory data

 White blood cell count (109/L)

6.1 ± 1.9

5.9 ± 1.8

0.450

 Platelet count (109/L)

233.4 ± 69.6

241.0 ± 63.7

0.275

 Albumin (g/L)

39.4 ± 4.2

38.8 ± 3.9

0.551

 Total bilirubin (μmol /L)

150.5 ± 130.5

141.7 ± 110.6

0.691

 Amylase (IU/L), median (IQR)

25 (16–42)

27 (19.8–39.95)

0.621

 CA19-9 (U/mL), median (IQR)

82 (35.1–276.8)

101 (27.5–381.3)

0.708

Pancreaticojejunostomy (%)

 Duct-to-mucosa

26 (21.0)

13 (13.1)

0.126

 Dunking method

98 (79.0)

86 (86.9)

 

Pancreatic cancerc (%)

 Yes

29 (23.4)

25 (25.3)

0.747

 No

95 (76.6)

74 (74.7)

 

Postoperative pancreatic fistula (%)

 2005 ISGPF edition

  Yes

61 (49.2)

43 (43.4)

0.392

  No

63 (50.8)

56 (56.6)

 

 2016 ISGPS edition

  Yes

32 (25.8)

23 (23.2)

0.658

  No

92 (74.2)

76 (76.8)

 

Surgery-related death (%)

 Yes

5 (4.0)

3 (3.0)

0.970

 No

119 (96.0)

96 (97.0)

 
  1. CT computed tomographic scan, IQR interquartile range, CA19-9 carbohydrate antigen 19-9, ISGPF International Study Group of Pancreatic Fistula, ISGPS International Study Group on Pancreatic Surgery
  2. aThe tumors that were attached, compressed, or obviously involved in the portal and/or superior mesenteric veins on CT
  3. bMeasured as the distance from the internal face of rectus abdominis (linea alba) to the rear wall of the aorta at the level of the umbilicus
  4. c124 patients in the modeling set: pancreatic cancer 29, cholangiocarcinoma 28, ampulla carcinoma 52, duodenal cancer 10, duodenal papillitis 1, pancreatitis 1, duodenal papilloma 1, pancreatic head neuroendocrine tumor 1, cholangitis 1; 99 patients in the validation set: pancreatic cancer 25, cholangiocarcinoma 15, ampulla carcinoma 46, duodenal cancer 7, pancreatitis 1, intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma of the pancreas (IPMN) 1, pancreatic serous cystadenoma 2, solid pseudopapillary tumor of pancreas 1, pancreatic mucinous cystadenoma 1