Table 3 Univariate and multivariate analyses of factors associated with CSS in the training cohort
From: Development and validation of prognostic nomograms for patients with colon neuroendocrine neoplasms
Variable | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
Age, years | ||||
0–55 | Reference | Reference | ||
56–67 | 1.6 (1.2, 2.1) | 0.001 | 1.2 (0.9, 1.6) | 0.26 |
≥ 68 | 2.3 (1.8, 3.0) | 0.001 | 1.4 (1.0, 1.9) | 0.026 |
Sex | ||||
Female | Reference | Reference | ||
Male | 1.1 (0.9, 1.3) | 0.507 | 1.3 (1.0, 1.6) | 0.021 |
Tumor size, mm | ||||
< 35 | Reference | Reference | ||
≥ 35 | 5.5 (4.2, 7.1) | < 0.001 | 1.6 (1.2, 2.1) | 0.001 |
Laterality | ||||
Right | Reference | Reference | ||
Left | 1.1 (0.9, 1.4) | 0.393 | 1.4 (1.1, 1.8) | 0.017 |
Grade | ||||
G1 | Reference | Reference | ||
G2 | 3.2 (2.0, 5.1) | < 0.001 | 2.2 (1.3, 3.5) | 0.002 |
G3 | 14.6 (10.0, 21.4) | < 0.001 | 7.0 (4.4, 11.0) | < 0.001 |
G4 | 17.8 (11.8, 26.9) | < 0.001 | 7.5 (4.6, 12.2) | < 0.001 |
Pathology | ||||
8013/3 large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma | Reference | Reference | ||
8041/3 small cell carcinoma | 1.8 (1.1, 2.8) | 0.015 | 1.4 (0.8, 2.2) | 0.201 |
8240/3 carcinoid tumor | 0.1 (0.1, 0.2) | < 0.001 | 0.6 (0.4, 1.0) | 0.072 |
8244/3 mixed adeno-neuroendocrine carcinoma | 0.9 (0.5, 1.4) | 0.569 | 1.4 (0.8, 2.5) | 0.18 |
8246/3 neuroendocrine carcinoma | 0.6 (0.5, 0.9) | 0.005 | 1.2 (0.9, 1.7) | 0.213 |
Operation | ||||
No operation | Reference | Reference | ||
Local tumor excision | 0.0 (0.0, 0.1) | < 0.001 | 0.6 (0.1, 7.2) | 0.723 |
Curative | 0.5 (0.3, 0.8) | 0.004 | 0.8 (0.5, 1.2) | 0.263 |
Chemotherapy | ||||
No | Reference | Reference | ||
Yes | 3.8 (3.1, 4.7) | < 0.001 | 0.8 (0.6, 1.0) | 0.034 |
AJCC TNM stage (8th) | ||||
I | Reference | |||
IIA | 14.8 (1.5, 142.0) | 0.02 | ||
IIB | 10.2 (1.2, 84.5) | 0.032 | ||
IIIA | 39.9 (4.5, 357.1) | < 0.001 | ||
IIIB | 34.9 (4.9, 249.8) | < 0.001 | ||
IV | 143.2 (20.1, 1021.2) | < 0.001 | ||
AJCC T stage (8th) | ||||
T1 | Reference | Reference | ||
T1a | 0.0 (0.0, 0.1) < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.4 (0.1, 2.6) | 0.324 |
T1b | 0.0 (0.0, 0.2) < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.3 (0.0, 1.5) | 0.139 |
T2 | 0.1 (0.1, 0.4) < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.7 (0.3, 2.0) | 0.528 |
T3 | 0.3 (0.1, 0.7) | 0.007 | 0.8 (0.3, 2.0) | 0.617 |
T4 | 0.5 (0.2, 1.2) | 0.111 | 0.9 (0.3, 2.3) | 0.796 |
AJCC N stage (8th) | ||||
N0 | Reference | Reference | ||
N1 | 3.4 (2.5, 4.7) | < 0.001 | 2.2 (1.5, 3.1) | < 0.001 |
AJCC M stage (8th) | ||||
M0 | Reference | Reference | ||
M1 | 5.8 (4.7, 7.3) | < 0.001 | 4.0 (3.1, 5.1) | < 0.001 |