Table 2 Univariate and multivariate analyses of factors associated with OS in the training cohort
From: Development and validation of prognostic nomograms for patients with colon neuroendocrine neoplasms
Variable | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
Age, years | ||||
0–55 | Reference | Reference | ||
56–67 | 1.6 (1.2, 2.0) | 0.001 | 1.2 (0.9, 1.6) | 0.206 |
≥ 68 | 2.7 (2.1, 3.5) | 0.001 | 1.7 (1.3, 2.2) | < 0.001 |
Sex | ||||
Female | Reference | Reference | ||
Male | 1.1 (0.9, 1.3) | 0.336 | 1.3 (1.1, 1.6) | 0.005 |
Tumor size, mm | ||||
< 35 | Reference | Reference | ||
≥ 35 | 4.3 (3.4, 5.4) | < 0.001 | 1.5 (1.2, 2.0) | 0.002 |
Laterality | ||||
Right | Reference | Reference | ||
Left | 1.1 (0.8, 1.3) | 0.663 | 1.2 (1.0, 1.6) | 0.077 |
Grade | ||||
G1 | Reference | 1 | ||
G2 | 2.0 (1.3, 2.9) | < 0.001 | 1.5 (1.0, 2.2) | 0.066 |
G3 | 8.8 (6.6, 11.7) | < 0.001 | 4.8 (3.3, 6.9) | < 0.001 |
G4 | 10.8 (7.8, 15.0) | < 0.001 | 5.2 (3.5, 7.8) | < 0.001 |
Pathology | ||||
8013/3 large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma | Reference | Reference | ||
8041/3 small cell carcinoma | 1.8 (1.2, 2.9) | 0.006 | 1.5 (0.9, 2.4) | 0.091 |
8240/3 carcinoid tumor | 0.1 (0.1, 0.2) | < 0.001 | 0.7 (0.5, 1.1) | 0.173 |
8244/3 mixed adeno-neuroendocrine carcinoma | 0.8 (0.5, 1.4) | 0.472 | 1.5 (0.9, 2.5) | 0.158 |
8246/3 neuroendocrine carcinoma | 0.7 (0.5, 0.9) | 0.009 | 1.3 (1.0, 1.8) | 0.094 |
Operation | ||||
No operation | Reference | Reference | ||
Local tumor excision | 0.0 (0.0, 0.1) | < 0.001 | 0.3 (0.1, 1.1) | 0.066 |
Curative | 0.5 (0.4, 0.8) | 0.005 | 0.7 (0.5, 1.2) | 0.181 |
Chemotherapy | ||||
No | Reference | Reference | ||
Yes | 3.2 (2.6, 3.8) | < 0.001 | 0.8 (0.6, 1.0) | 0.029 |
AJCC TNM stage (8th) | ||||
I | Reference | |||
IIA | 2.5 (0.9, 7.3) | 0.095 | ||
IIB | 2.2 (0.9, 4.9) | 0.068 | ||
IIIA | 6.0 (2.2, 16.6) | < 0.001 | ||
IIIB | 4.4 (2.3, 8.4) | < 0.001 | ||
IV | 15.6 (8.3, 29.4) | < 0.001 | ||
AJCC T stage (8th) | ||||
T1 | Reference | Reference | ||
T1a | 0.1 (0.0, 0.2) < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 1.7 (0.5, 5.5) | 0.387 |
T1b | 0.1 (0.0, 0.2) < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.4 (0.1, 1.8) | 0.248 |
T2 | 0.2 (0.1, 0.4) < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.7 (0.3, 2.1) | 0.575 |
T3 | 0.3 (0.1, 0.8) | 0.012 | 0.9 (0.3, 2.3) | 0.776 |
T4 | 0.5 (0.2, 1.1) | 0.093 | 0.9 (0.3, 2.3) | 0.827 |
AJCC N stage (8th) | ||||
N0 | Reference | Reference | ||
N1 | 2.5 (1.9, 3.3) | < 0.001 | 1.9 (1.4, 2.6) | < 0.001 |
AJCC M stage (8th) | ||||
M0 | Reference | Reference | ||
M1 | 4.5 (3.7, 5.5) | < 0.001 | 3.5 (2.8, 4.4) | < 0.001 |