Table 1 Baseline characteristics and surgical outcomes of patients

No. of patients (n)

50

48

Age (x̅ ±s, years)

67±10.5

66±11.8

0.93

Side (R/L, n)

26/24

20/28

0.86

Gender (F/M, n)

30/20

25/23

0.92

Median ASA score (1/2/3, n)

2/47/1

3/45/0

0.91

Location of tumor (n)

0.89

 Renal pelvis

43

38

 Ureter

7

10

Operative time (x̅ ±s, min)

98.5±40.3

132.4±60.2

<0.01

Blood loss (x̅ ±s, ml)

60.4±20.3

150.6±50.2

<0.01

Postoperative pain score ( x̅ ±s)

 24 h after surgery

1.93±1.2

2.04±1.5

0.22

 48 h after surgery

1.17±1.1

1.25±1.6

0.32

Length of hospital stay (x̅ ±s, d)

5.3±2.2

8.1±2.3

<0.01

Recovery of bowel function (x̅ ±s, d)

1.8±0.8

2.1±0.7

0.89

Incision length (x̅ ±s, cm)

6.3±1.2

11.5±3.2

<0.01

Pathological stage (T1/T2/T3, n)

6/23/1

5/18/1

0.86

Tumor grade (G1/G2/G3, n)

5/22/3

8/18/4

0.83

Follow-up (x̅ ±s, m)

27.5±9.5

30.2±8.2

0.92

Tumor recurrence (n)

 Intravesical tumor recurrence

3

2

0.32

 Extra-bladder recurrence

3

1

0.22