Table 2 Univariate and multivariate survival analyses for OS

Age, years

< 65

184

86.9

0.262

> 65

263

82.9

Sex

Male

289

84.9

0.846

Female

158

84.0

BMI, kg/m²

< 25

353

84.3

0.701

> 25

94

85.7

PS

1

233

89.4

0.004*

1

1.16 (0.66–2.06)

0.601

1

1.06 (0.61–1.86)

0.837

> 2

214

78.8

Hypertension

Presence

114

76.2

< 0.001*

1.50 (0.85–2.58)

1

0.158

1.50 (0.87–2.54)

1

0.147

Absence

333

87.4

Diabetes mellitus

Presence

64

79.5

0.177

Absence

383

85.4

Heart disease

Presence

50

70.0

< 0.001*

2.52 (1.22–4.99)

1

0.014*

2.14 (1.07–4.07)

1

0.033*

Absence

397

86.4

Chronic renal failure

Presence

10

77.1

0.384

Absence

437

84.8

Tumor location

Upper

145

75.5

< 0.001*

1.60 (0.93–2.71)

1

0.086

1.53 (0.90–2.58)

1

0.117

Middle/lower

302

88.7

CEA, ng/ml

< 5

390

86.1

0.008*

1

1.51 (0.74–2.85)

0.243

1

1.68 (0.83–3.15)

0.143

≥ 5

57

72.4

CA19-9, U/ml

< 37

422

85.7

0.003*

1

1.64 (0.77–3.90)

0.206

1

1.46 (0.70–3.42)

0.328

≥ 37

25

65.3

Albumin, g/dl

< 3.5

19

44.2

< 0.001*

1.11 (0.45–2.92)

1

0.827

1.07 (0.40–2.31)

1

0.872

≥ 3.5

428

86.4

CRP, mg/dl

< 0.5

397

87.0

< 0.001*

1

2.51 (1.16–5.16)

0.021*

1

2.45 (1.15–4.94)

0.021*

≥ 0.5

50

65.5

Neutrophil count, cell/mm³

< 3690

223

88.9

0.020*

1

1.97 (1.08–3.68)

0.027*

NA

≥ 3690

224

80.3

Lymphocyte count, cell/mm³

≥ 1860

200

89.3

0.011*

1

1.41 (0.80–2.56)

0.242

NA

< 1860

247

80.6

Monocyte count, cell/mm³

< 320

194

87.4

0.198

≥ 320

253

82.4

Platelet count, cell/mm³ × 10⁴

< 27.2

338

87.6

0.003*

1

1.25 (0.65–2.34)

0.494

NA

≥ 27.2

109

75.2

SII

< 395

167

92.7

< 0.001*

NA

1

2.95 (1.49–6.39)

0.001*

≥ 395

280

80.0

pT

pT1-3

399

93.8

< 0.001*

1

3.99 (2.17–7.35)

< 0.001*

1

4.46 (2.44–8.14)

< 0.001*

pT4

48

57.8

pN

pN0

323

93.7

< 0.001*

1

3.93 (2.01–7.95)

< 0.001*

1

4.02 (2.10–7.93)

< 0.001*

pN+

124

60.8

Lymphatic invasion

Presence

169

71.3

< 0.001*

1.35 (0.69–2.68)

1

0.386

1.18 (0.61–2.32)

1

0.626

Absence

278

92.7

Venous invasion

Presence

138

71.2

< 0.001*

1.13 (0.65–1.97)

1

0.675

1.22 (0.70–2.14)

1

0.475

Absence

309

90.3

Tumor differentiation

Differentiated

231

87.3

0.148

Undifferentiated

216

81.8