Parameters | Cohorts | Comparisons | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FTLCO | OTLCO | CSLFO | OSLFO | |||
Surgery | Fast-track laparoscopy | Open fast-track | Conventional laparoscopy | Open conventional | ||
Adjuvant chemotherapy (if required) | 8 cycles of capecitabine and oxaliplatin; every 21 days | 8 cycles of capecitabine and oxaliplatin; every 21 days | 12 cycles of leucovorin, fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin; every 15 days | 12 cycles of leucovorin, fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin; every 15 days | ||
Numbers of patients underwent surgeries | 125 | 137 | 142 | 138 | p value | |
Age (years) | Minimum | 52 | 51 | 53 | 53 | 0.129 |
Maximum | 67 | 68 | 69 | 69 | ||
Mean ± SD | 56.22±7.15 | 57.18±8.19 | 57.65±6.15 | 58.45±9.18 | ||
Sex | Male | 75 (60) | 89 (65) | 91 (64) | 86 (62) | 0.848 |
Female | 50 (40) | 48 (35) | 51 (36) | 52 (38) | ||
Body mass index (kg/m2) | Minimum | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 0.904 |
Maximum | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | ||
Mean ± SD (kg/m2/patient) | 24.12±2.13 | 24.21±2.01 | 24.32±2.45 | 24.27±2.45 | ||
The American Society of Anesthesiologists status | I | 99 (79) | 121 (88) | 125 (88) | 122 (88) | 0.219 |
II | 25 (20) | 15 (11) | 17 (12) | 16 (12) | ||
III | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||
Carcinoembryonic antigen (ng/mL/patient) | 6.71±1.12 | 6.52±1.25 | 6.45±1.35 | 6.58±1.56 | 0.441 | |
Carbohydrate antigen 19–9 (ng/mL) | 35.12±7.11 | 36.21±6.15 | 37.15±8.11 | 36.15±8.15 | 0.177 | |
Site | Rectum | 38 (30) | 41 (30) | 41 (28) | 40 (29) | 0.992 |
Sigmoid colon | 35 (28) | 40 (29) | 38 (27) | 41 (29) | ||
Ascending colon | 24 (19) | 27 (20) | 25 (18) | 26 (19) | ||
Descending colon | 17 (14) | 17 (12) | 18 (13) | 15 (11) | ||
Transverse colon | 11 (9) | 12 (9) | 20 (14) | 16 (12) | ||
Maximum tumor diameter (cm/patient) | 4.11±0.18 | 4.15±0.19 | 4.13±0.21 | 4.09±0.25 | 0.103 | |
Pathologic type | Adenocarcinoma | 107 (86) | 115 (84) | 121 (85) | 122 (88) | 0.753 |
Mucinous adenocarcinoma | 18 (14) | 22 (16) | 21 (15) | 16 (12) | ||
Differentiation | Well | 28 (22) | 23 (17) | 35 (25) | 31 (23) | 0.202 |
Moderate | 75 (60) | 81 (59) | 87 (61) | 89 (64) | ||
Poor | 22 (18) | 33 (24) | 20 (14) | 18 (13) | ||
Lymph nodes involvement* | 14.15±2.11 | 14.55±1.89 | 14.35±2.01 | 14.65±1.95 | 0.181 | |
Surgical pathological TNM stage (related to AJCC staging system) | I | 22 (18) | 30 (21) | 29 (20) | 33 (23) | 0.925 |
II | 64 (51) | 53 (39) | 61 (43) | 55 (40) | ||
III | 38 (30) | 53 (39) | 51 (36) | 49 (36) | ||
IV | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | ||
QLQ-C30/CR38 score/patient | 79.37±5.11 | 75.23±6.24 | 76.46±6.44 | 71.53±4.55 | Clinically insignificant difference** |