Fig. 4

Associations between low/high risks and immune profiles. The activated CD8⁺ T cell fraction (a) and cytolytic activity (b) in the low-risk PAAD group were significantly increased compared with the high-risk group. The IPRES signatures of the low-risk PAAD group were significantly decreased compared with the high-risk group (c). P values were calculated with the Wilcoxon test; the box shows the upper and lower quartiles (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001). Heatmap showing scores for IPRES signatures in TCGA PAAD cohort (d)