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Table 1 Main characteristics of included studies

From: Smokers or non-smokers: who benefits more from immune checkpoint inhibitors in treatment of malignancies? An up-to-date meta-analysis

Author

Year

Phase

Category

Therapy line

Feature

Exp arm (Pts N)

Ctr arm (Pts N)

Population

OS

HR

95% CI

Borghaei et al.

2015

III

NSCLC

> 1

Non-squamous

Nivolumab (292)

Docetaxel (290)

Non-smoker (20%)

1.02

0.64–1.16

Smoker (79%)

0.70

0.56–0.86

Brahmer et al

2015

III

NSCLC

> 1

Squamous

Nivolumab (135)

Docetaxel (137)

Non-smoker (6%)

NA

NA

Smoker (92%)

0.59

0.44–0.80

Fehrenbacher et al.

2016

II

NSCLC

> 1

Previously treated

Atezolizumab (144)

Docetaxel (143)

Non-smoker (20%)

0.55

0.24–1.25

Smoker (80%)

0.75

0.54–1.04

Rittmeyer et al.

2017

III

NSCLC

> 1

Previously treated

Atezolizumab (613)

Docetaxel (612)

Non-smoker (17%)

0.91

0.65–1.29

Smoker (83%)

0.78

0.67–0.90

Carbone et al.

2017

III

NSCLC

1

Stage IV

Nivolumab (271)

Chemotherapy (270)

Non-smoker (11%)

1.02

0.54–1.93

Smoker (89%)

1.08

0.86–1.37

Barlesi et al.

2018

III

NSCLC

> 1

Platinum-treated advanced

Avelumab (396)

Docetaxel (396)

Non-smoker (17%)

1.69

0.97–2.95

Smoker (83%)

0.83

0.66–1.04

Mok et al.

2019

III

NSCLC

1

PD-L1 positive

Pembrolizumab (636)

Chemotherapy (615)

Non-smoker (22%)

1.00

0.73–1.37

Smoker (78%)

0.80

0.60–1.06

Gandhi et al.

2018

III

NSCLC

1

Metastatic

Pembrolizumab+chemotherapy (410)

Placebo+chemotherapy (206)

Non-smoker (12%)

0.23

0.10–0.54

Smoker (88%)

0.54

0.41–0.71

Antonia et al.

2018

III

NSCLC

> 1

Stage III

Durvalumab+chemoradiotherapy (476)

Placebo+chemoradiotherapy (237)

Non-smoker (9%)

0.35

0.16–0.76

Smoker (91%)

0.72

0.56–0.92

West et al.

2019

III

NSCLC

1

Non-squamous

Atezolizumab+chemotherapy (451)

Chemotherapy (228)

Non-smoker (10%)

0.55

0.26–1.19

Smoker (90%)

0.81

0.65–1.02

Reck et al.

2019

III

NSCLC

> 1

Chemotherapy-naive metastatic

ABCP (400)

BCP (400)

Non-smoker (20%)

0.66

0.41–1.05

Smoker (80%)

0.80

0.65–0.89

Bellmunt et al.

2017

III

UC

> 1

Advanced second line

Pembrolizumab (270)

Chemotherapy (272)

Non-smoker (35%)

1.06

0.72–1.55

Smoker (65%)

0.52

0.24–1.11

Powles et al.

2018

III

UC

> 1

Advanced or metastatic

Atezolizumab (467)

Chemotherapy (464)

Non-smoker (28%)

0.80

0.60–1.06

Smoker (72%)

0.87

0.72–1.04

Ferris et al.

2016

III

HNSCC

> 1

Recurrent

Nivolumab (240)

Standard therapy (121)

Non-smoker (19%)

0.58

0.32–1.06

Smoker (77%)

0.71

0.52–0.99

Cohen et al.

2019

III

HNSCC

> 1

Recurrent or metastatic

Pembrolizumab (247)

Standard therapy (248)

Non-smoker (27%)

0.90

0.60–1.35

Smoker (73%)

0.77

0.60–0.98

Reck et al.

2016

III

SCLC

1

Extensive-stage

Ipilimumab+chemotherapy (478)

Placebo+chemotherapy (476)

Light smoker (36%)

1.02

0.80–1.30

Heave smoker (57%)

1.09

0.89–1.32

Govindan et al.

2017

III

NSCLC

1

Squamous

Ipilimumab+chemotherapy (388)

Placebo+chemotherapy (361)

Light smoker (12%)

1.19

0.71–1.99

Heave smoker (88%)

0.88

0.73–1.05

  1. OS overall survival, CI confidence interval, HR hazard ratio, NA not available, PD-L1 programmed death ligand 1, Pts patients, Exp experimental, Ctr control, Non-smoker patients who never smoke, Smoker patients who ever/currently smoke, NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer, UC urothelial carcinoma, HNSCC head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma, SCLC small cell lung cancer, ABCP atezolizumab plus bevacizumab plus carboplatin plus paclitaxel, BCP bevacizumab plus carboplatin plus paclitaxel; Standard Therapy standard single-agent systemic therapy (methotrexate, docetaxel, or cetuximab)