Table 3 Univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model for OS in 2571 p-NET patients
Characteristics | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P | |
Gender | ||||
Male | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||
Female | 0.690 (0.554-0.861) | 0.001 | 0.692 (0.553-0.867) | 0.001 |
Year of diagnosis | ||||
2004-2009 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||
2010-2017 | 0.502 (0.393-0.642) | 0.000 | 0.715 (0.558-0.916) | 0.008 |
Location of tumor | ||||
Head of pancreas | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||
Body/tail of pancreas | 0.638 (0.506-0.806) | 0.000 | 0.651 (0.510-0.830) | 0.001 |
Other* | 0.928 (0.65-1.307) | 0.670 | 0.992 (0.696-1.413) | 0.965 |
Type of tumor | ||||
Functional | 1 (reference) | |||
Non-functional | 0.829 (0.606-1.134) | 0.241 | ||
Histological grade | ||||
G1 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||
G2 | 1.504 (1.138-1.988) | 0.004 | 1.145 (0.861-1.522) | 0.352 |
G3 | 7.033 (5.392-9.173) | 0.000 | 3.949 (2.977-5.240) | 0.000 |
Distant metastasis | ||||
No | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||
Yes | 3.992 (3.206-4.970) | 0.000 | 2.116 (1.628-2.751) | 0.000 |
Tumor size | ||||
≤ 2 cm | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||
2-4 cm | 2.451 (1.759-3.416) | 0.000 | 1.452 (1.018-2.071) | 0.039 |
> 4 cm | 3.500 (2.526-4.850) | 0.000 | 1.517 (1.055-2.183) | 0.025 |
AJCC 8th stage | ||||
I-II | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||
III-IV | 3.780 (2.834-5.043) | 0.000 | 1.644 (1.091-2.476) | 0.017 |
Unknown | 1.058 (0.635-1.760) | 0.829 | 0.671 (0.333-1.351) | 0.264 |
Lymph node | ||||
Metastasis | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||
Yes | 0.387 (0.304-0.492) | 0.000 | 0.908 (0.664-1.241) | 0.544 |
No | 0.540 (0.390-0.747) | 0.000 | 1.635 (1.067-2.507) | 0.024 |
Not examined† | ||||
Race | ||||
White | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||
Black | 0.959 (0.686-1.342) | 0.809 | 1.160 (0.825-1.630) | 0.394 |
Other‡ | 0.545 (0.346-0.859) | 0.009 | 0.583 (0.368-0.924) | 0.022 |
Age at diagnosis (year) | ||||
≤ 60 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||
> 60 | 1.583 (1.272-1.969) | 0.000 | 1.550 (1.239-1.938) | 0.000 |