Table 1 Reported cases of primary rectal cancer with heterotopic ossification [7, 8, 10, 11, 13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25]
Case | Reference | Age | Gender | LN metastasis present | Ossification in LN metastasis | Metastasis to other organ | Ossification in metastases | osteoblast-like cell | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1939 | Dukes [13] | 69 | M | NA | NA | NA | ||
2 | 1939 | Dukes [13] | 32 | F | - | NA | + | ||
3 | 1951 | Christie [14] | 44 | F | + | NA | NA | + | |
4 | 1962 | Urbanke [15] | 55 | F | NA | NA | + | ||
5 | 1988 | Byard [16] | 72 | M | NA | NA | NA | ||
6 | 1992 | Ansari [10] | 54 | F | - | + | NA | + | |
7 | 1993 | Pai [17] | 46 | M | + | - | NA | NA | |
8 | 1996 | Haque [11] | 78 | M | NA | NA | + | ||
9 | 1997 | Beauchamp [18] | 64 | M | + | NA | NA | + | |
10 | 2003 | Kypson [19] | 38 | F | - | - | NA | ||
11 | 2004 | Matsumoto [20] | 67 | M | + | - | - | NA | |
12 | 2004 | Szumilo [21] | 79 | M | + | - | NA | + | |
13 | 2005 | Al-Maghrabi [22] | 90 | F | + | NA | - | + | |
14 | 2010 | Nagao [8] | 46 | M | + | + | NA | + | |
15 | 2011 | Badmos [7] | 48 | M | - | NA | + | ||
16 | 2015 | Smajda [23] | 29 | F | + | NA | + | NA | NA |
17 | 2016 | Shimazaki [24] | 57 | M | + | NA | NA | + | |
18 | 2017 | Liu [25] | 76 | M | + | - | - | + | |