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Table 2 Pathologic characteristics and oncological outcomes

From: Impact of previous abdominal surgery on robotic-assisted rectal surgery in patients with locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma: a propensity score matching study

Characteristic

Overall

After match (1:3)

With PAS (N = 35)

Without PAS (N = 168)

P value

With PAS (N = 32)

Without PAS (N = 96)

P value

N

%

N

%

N

%

N

%

Preoperative clinical staging

 Tumor depth

    

0.9823

    

0.9270

 T2

2

5.7%

11

6.5%

 

1

3.1%

5

5.2%

 

 T3

27

77.1%

129

76.8%

 

25

78.1%

74

77.1%

 

 T4

6

17.1%

28

16.7%

 

6

18.8%

17

17.7%

 

 Lymph node metastasis

    

0.2970

    

0.9345

 N0

11

31.4%

33

19.6%

 

8

25.0%

26

27.1%

 

 N1

15

42.9%

88

52.4%

 

15

46.9%

46

47.9%

 

 N2

9

25.7%

47

28.0%

 

9

28.1%

24

25.0%

 

 AJCC stage (clinical)

    

0.3444

    

0.9846

 I

2

5.7%

4

2.4%

 

1

3.1%

4

4.2%

 

 II

7

20.0%

26

15.5%

 

7

21.9%

21

21.9%

 

 III

20

57.1%

120

71.4%

 

20

62.5%

59

61.5%

 

 IV

6

17.1%

18

10.7%

 

4

12.5%

12

12.5%

 

Postoperative pathological outcomes

 Tumor size

    

0.3634

    

0.2124

 < 5 cm

35

100.0%

159

94.6%

 

32

100.0%

92

95.8%

 

 ≥ 5 cm

0

0.0%

9

5.4%

 

0

0.0%

4

4.2%

 

Tumor size (cm)

 Median (range)

1.7 (0–4.5)

1.7 (0–8.0)

0.8658

1.8 (0–4.5)

1.5 (0–8.0)

0.4810

 Mean ± SD

1.8 ± 1.2

1.9 ± 1.7

0.6117

1.9 ± 1.2

1.7 ± 1.7

0.6547

 Tumor depth

    

0.6850

    

0.3077

 T0

7

20.0%

47

28.0%

 

6

18.8%

28

29.2%

 

 Tis

0

0.0%

2

1.2%

 

0

0.0%

2

2.1%

 

 T1

3

8.6%

11

6.5%

 

3

9.4%

8

8.3%

 

 T2

9

25.7%

43

25.6%

 

7

21.9%

26

27.1%

 

 T3

16

45.7%

60

35.7%

 

16

50.0%

29

30.2%

 

 T4

0

0.0%

5

3.0%

 

0

0.0%

3

3.1%

 

 Lymph node metastasis

    

0.8948

    

0.8281

 N0

27

77.1%

126

75.0%

 

24

75.0%

72

75.0%

 

 N1

7

20.0%

32

19.0%

 

7

21.9%

18

18.8%

 

 N2

1

2.9%

9

5.4%

 

1

3.1%

5

5.2%

 

 N3

0

0.0%

1

0.6%

 

0

0.0%

1

1.0%

 

 AJCC stage (pathologic)

    

0.5986

    

0.7447

 0

6

17.1%

45

26.8%

 

6

18.8%

27

28.1%

 

 I

10

28.6%

36

21.4%

 

9

28.1%

23

24.0%

 

 II

8

22.9%

35

20.8%

 

8

25.0%

16

16.7%

 

 III

5

14.3%

32

19.0%

 

5

15.6%

17

17.7%

 

 IV

6

17.1%

20

11.9%

 

4

12.5%

13

13.5%

 

 Down stage of T stage

    

0.4106

    

0.4188

 Down stage

23

65.7%

116

69.0%

 

21

65.6%

72

75.0%

 

 Unchanged

12

34.3%

46

27.4%

 

11

34.4%

23

24.0%

 

 Up stage

0

0.0%

6

3.6%

 

0

0.0%

1

1.0%

 

 Down stage of N stage

    

0.6294

    

0.7574

 Down stage

21

60.0%

112

66.7%

 

21

65.6%

57

59.4%

 

 Unchanged

13

37.1%

49

29.2%

 

10

31.3%

34

35.4%

 

 Up stage

1

2.9%

7

4.2%

 

1

3.1%

5

5.2%

 

 Down stage of AJCCstage

    

0.4548

    

0.8358

 Down stage

19

54.3%

110

65.5%

 

19

59.4%

62

64.6%

 

 Unchanged

15

42.9%

54

32.1%

 

12

37.5%

31

32.3%

 

 Up stage

1

2.9%

4

2.4%

 

1

3.1%

3

3.1%

 

 Tumor regression grade

    

0.4980

    

0.3177

 0

7

20.6%

46

28.6%

 

6

19.4%

27

30.3%

 

 1

14

41.2%

68

42.2%

 

13

41.9%

39

43.8%

 

 2

11

32.4%

34

21.1%

 

10

32.3%

16

17.4%

 

 3

2

5.9%

13

8.1%

 

2

6.5%

8

8.4%

 

 Tumor regression

    

0.4992

    

0.1747

 Good (0 + 1)

21

61.8%

114

70.8%

 

19

61.3%

66

74.2%

 

 Poor (2 + 3)

13

38.2%

47

29.2%

 

12

38.7%

23

25.8%

 

Harvested lymph node

 Median (range)

10 (2–33)

9 (0–36)

0.7059

10 (2–23)

9 (1–30)

0.2360

 Mean ± SD

10.7 ± 5.8

10.3 ± 5.7

0.6939

11.2 ± 5.8

9.7 ± 5.5

0.2020

Positive lymph node

 Median (range)

0 (0–6)

0 (0–24)

0.6550

0 (0–6)

0 (0–24)

0.7394

 Mean ± SD

0.4 ± 1.1

0.6 ± 2.3

0.3068

0.4 ± 1.2

0.8 ± 3.0

0.3348

Harvested apical node

 Median (range)

2 (0–10)

2 (0–10)

0.6824

2 (0–10)

2 (0–8)

0.9269

 Mean ± SD

2.3 ± 2.1

2.4 ± 2.1

0.7417

2.3 ± 2.1

2.2 ± 1.8

0.7394

Positive apical node

 Median (range)

0 (0–3)

0 (0–2)

0.2219

0 (0–3)

0 (0–2)

0.3176

 Mean ± SD

0.2 ± 0.6

0.1 ± 0.3

0.2939

0.2 ± 0.6

0.1 ± 0.4

0.3540

 Vascular invasion

    

1.0000

    

0.9158

 No

31

91.2%

143

91.7%

 

28

90.3%

81

91.0%

 

 Yes

3

8.8%

13

8.3%

 

3

9.7%

8

8.99%

 

 Perineural invasion

    

0.6028

    

0.8250

 No

29

85.3%

128

81.5%

 

26

83.9%

74

82.22%

 

 Yes

5

14.7%

29

18.5%

 

5

16.1%

16

17.78%

 

Distance of PRM (cm)

 Median (range)

5.0 (1.0–10.0)

5.5 (0.8–58.0)

0.3476

5.0 (1.0–10.0)

5.8 (0.8–58.0)

0.0924

 Mean ± SD

5.2 ± 1.8

6.1 ± 4.9

0.0813

5.2 ± 1.8

7.0 ± 7.5

0.0412

Distance of DRM (cm)

 Median (range)

2.1 (0.1–8.1)

2 (0.1–7.5)

0.7923

2.4 (0.1–8.1)

2.0 (0.1–7.0)

0.5231

 Mean ± SD

2.4 ± 1.9

2.3 ± 0.5

0.6451

2.4 ± 1.9

2.2 ± 1.5

0.4101

Distance of CRM (mm)

 Median (range)

11.5 (2.0–120.0)

12.0 (1.0–120.0)

0.9867

10.0 (2.0–120.0) 22.9

15.0 (1.0–98.0)

0.5309

 Mean ± SD

23.0 ± 29.5

18.9 ± 20.9

0.4994

± 30.7

20.2 ± 20.5

0.6971

 DRM

    

0.1383

    

0.3322

 Free

33

94.3%

166

98.8%

 

30

93.8%

93

97.4%

 

 Positive

2

5.7%

2

1.2%

 

2

6.3%

3

2.6%

 

 CRM

    

1.0000

    

0.8828

 Free

34

97.1%

161

97.0%

 

31

96.9%

93

96.9%

 

 Positive

1

2.9%

5

3.0%

 

1

3.1%

3

3.1%

 

 Resection degree of primary tumor

    

0.6549

    

0.8224

 R0

33

94.3%

161

95.8%

 

30

93.8%

91

94.8%

 

 R1

2

5.7%

7

4.2%

 

2

6.3%

5

5.2%

 

Oncological outcomes (clinical stages I–III)

 Follow-up periods (months)

 Median (range)

23.1 (8.4–74.6)

28.6 (6.2–87.1)

0.3183

22.5 (8.4–74.6)

30.5 (6.2–87.1)

0.4770

 Mean ± SD

29.0 ± 16.5

32.9 ± 19.3

0.2579

29.4 ± 17.1

33.1 ± 19.7

0.3499

 Post-op relapse

    

0.9904

    

0.8943

 No

24

82.8%

124

82.7%

 

23

82.1%

70

83.3%

 

 Yes

5

17.2%

26

17.3%

 

5

17.9%

14

16.7%

 

 Post-op locoregional recurrent

    

0.5913

    

0.0828

 No

28

96.6%

146

97.3%

 

27

96.4%

84

100.0%

 

 Yes

1

3.4%

4

2.7%

 

1

3.6%

0

0.0%

 

 Post-op distant metastasis

    

1.0000

    

0.7575

 No

25

86.2%

128

85.3%

 

24

85.7%

70

83.3%

 

 Yes

4

13.8%

22

14.7%

 

4

14.3%

14

16.7%

 

 Death

    

1.0000

    

0.9377

 No

31

88.6%

150

89.3%

 

28

87.5%

85

88.5%

 

 Yes

4

11.4%

18

10.7%

 

4

12.5%

11

11.5%

 

 DFS (months)

 Median (range)

21.3 (8.4–74.6)

24.4 (2.5–87.1)

0.7826

20.9 (8.4–74.6)

26.7 (2.5–87.1)

0.8103

 Mean ± SD

27.6 ± 16.6

30.1 ± 19.7

0.5297

27.5 ± 16.9

29.8 ± 19.7

0.5773

OS (months)

 Median (range)

23.1 (8.4–74.6)

28.4 (6.4–87.1)

0.4110

22.5 (8.4–74.6)

30.7 (7.0–87.1)

0.4692

 Mean ± SD

29.1 ± 16.8

32.8 ± 19.4

0.3292

29.4 ± 17.1

33.0 ± 19.6

0.3395

  1. PAS previous abdominal surgery, AJCC American Joint Commission on Cancer, SD standard deviation, PRM proximal resection margin, DRM distal resection margin, CRM circumferential resection margin, DFS disease-free survival, OS overall survival
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World Journal of Surgical Oncology

ISSN: 1477-7819

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