Table 1 Baseline characteristics
Characteristic | Overall | After match (1:3) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
With PAS (N=35) | Without PAS (N=168) | p value | With PAS (N=32) | Without PAS (N=96) | p value | |||||
N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | |||
Age (Median, range) (years) | 61.0 (38.0–83.0) | 61.0 (28.0–93.0) | 0.4270 | 61.0 (38.0–83.0) | 62.5 (31.0–93.0) | 0.5986 | ||||
Gender | 0.0006* | 0.7964 | ||||||||
 Female | 22 | 62.9% | 54 | 32.1% | 19 | 59.4% | 55 | 57.3% | ||
 Male | 13 | 37.1% | 114 | 67.9% | 13 | 40.6% | 41 | 42.7% | ||
Tumor distance from anal verge (cm) | 0.8960 | 0.7280 | ||||||||
 ≦5 (Lower) | 19 | 54.3% | 93 | 55.4% | 18 | 56.3% | 54 | 56.3% | ||
 6–10 (Middle) | 12 | 34.3% | 52 | 31.0% | 10 | 31.3% | 25 | 26.0% | ||
 11–15 (Upper) | 4 | 11.4% | 23 | 13.7% | 4 | 12.5% | 17 | 17.7% | ||
Distance from anal verge (cm) | ||||||||||
 Median (range) | 5.0 (0.5–15.0) | 5.0 (0.5–20.0) | 0.7624 | 5.0 (1.5–15.0) | 5.0 (0.5–20.0) | 0.8430 | ||||
 Mean ± SD | 6.5±4.0 | 6.4±4.1 | 0.8598 | 6.5±4.0 | 6.6±4.7 | 0.9263 | ||||
Post-op serum CEA level | 0.7429 | 0.7645 | ||||||||
 <5 ng/ml | 29 | 90.6% | 151 | 91.5% | 27 | 93.1% | 85 | 91.4% | ||
 ≥5 ng/ml | 3 | 9.4% | 14 | 8.5% | 2 | 6.9% | 8 | 8.6% | ||
ASA score | 0.9054 | 0.4656 | ||||||||
 2 | 21 | 60.0% | 102 | 61.1% | 21 | 65.6% | 56 | 58.3% | ||
 3 | 14 | 40.0% | 65 | 38.9% | 11 | 34.4% | 40 | 41.7% | ||
BMI kg/m2 | ||||||||||
 Median (range) | 23.6 (18.7–27.5) | 23.4 (17.4–37.8) | 0.4217 | 23.5 (18.7–27.5) | 22.7 (17.6–30.2) | 0.8994 | ||||
 Mean ± SD | 23.4±2.9 | 24.1±3.5 | 0.2585 | 23.1±2.9 | 23.3±3.0 | 0.8039 | ||||
Perioperative outcomes | ||||||||||
 Procedure | 0.7273 | 0.8289 | ||||||||
 LAR | 22 | 62.9% | 103 | 61.3% | 20 | 62.5% | 58 | 60.4% | ||
 ISR | 12 | 34.3% | 63 | 37.5% | 12 | 37.5% | 37 | 38.5% | ||
 APR | 1 | 2.9% | 2 | 1.2% | 0 | 0.0% | 1 | 1.0% | ||
 Protective Diverting Colostomy | 0.2587 | 0.4444 | ||||||||
 Yes | 14 | 41.2% | 86 | 51.8% | 13 | 40.6% | 46 | 48.4% | ||
 No | 20 | 58.8% | 80 | 48.2% | 19 | 59.4% | 49 | 51.6% | ||
 Protective Diverting Colostomy in LAR | 0.2409 | 0.2505 | ||||||||
 Yes | 2 | 9.1% | 23 | 22.3% | 1 | 5.0% | 9 | 14.8% | ||
 No | 20 | 90.9% | 80 | 77.7% | 19 | 95.0% | 49 | 85.2% | ||
Docking Time (minutes) | ||||||||||
 Median (range) | 3 (3–8) | 4 (2–11) | 0.0733 | 3 (3–8) | 4 (2–11) | 0.0956 | ||||
 Mean ± SD | 3.9±1.3 | 4.4±1.6 | 0.1098 | 3.9±1.3 | 4.3±1.5 | 0.2192 | ||||
Console Time (minutes) | ||||||||||
 Median (range) | 167.5 (120–240) | 187.5 (95–374) | 0.0394* | 165 (120–240) | 175 (95–305) | 0.4542 | ||||
 Mean ± SD | 172.9±36.4 | 194.0±53.3 | 0.0062* | 172.7±37.2 | 180.3±45.4 | 0.3974 | ||||
Operation Time (minutes) | ||||||||||
 Median (range) | 275 (210–430) | 300 (180–855) | 0.0748 | 275 (210–430) | 290 (200–620) | 0.5943 | ||||
 Mean ± SD | 290.9±50.9 | 326.2±100.4 | 0.0035* | 290.7±51.3 | 305.4±84.0 | 0.2517 | ||||
Estimated blood loss (mL) | ||||||||||
 Median (range) | 65 (15–350) | 70 (15–1050) | 0.3776 | 50 (15–350) | 50 (20–700) | 0.9424 | ||||
 Mean ± SD | 88.3 ±71.4 | 119.6 ±141.8 | 0.0667 | 83.1±71.2 | 85.1±102.8 | 0.9054 | ||||
Time of first flatus passage (day) | ||||||||||
 Median (range) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (0–10) | 0.5821 | 2 (1–3) | 1 (1–10) | 0.5190 | ||||
 Mean ± SD | 1.7±0.7 | 1.7±1.0 | 0.8980 | 1.6±0.7 | 1.6±1.1 | 0.8872 | ||||
Time of resuming soft diet (day) | ||||||||||
 Median (range) | 4 (2–5) | 3 (2–15) | 0.7415 | 4 (2–5) | 3 (2–15) | 0.6076 | ||||
 Mean ± SD | 3.8±0.8 | 3.8±1.7 | 0.2177 | 3.5±0.7 | 3.8±1.9 | 0.2710 | ||||
Postoperative hospital stay (day) | ||||||||||
 Median (range) | 7 (5–46) | 6 (4–32) | 0.0676 | 7 (5–46) | 6 (4–18) | 0.1178 | ||||
 Mean ± SD | 8.0±6.8 | 7.1±3.0 | 0.4109 | 8.1±7.1 | 6.8±2.3 | 0.3274 | ||||
Postoperative first day pain score | ||||||||||
 Median (range) | 3 (0–8) | 3 (0–8) | 0.8384 | 3 (0–8) | 3 (0–7) | 0.8329 | ||||
 Mean ± SD | 3.4±1.9 | 3.2±1.5 | 0.6549 | 3.2±1.7 | 3.0±1.4 | 0.5675 | ||||