Favorable short-term oncologic outcomes following laparoscopic surgery for small T4 colon cancer: a multicenter comparative study

Table 4 Pathologic features and oncologic outcomes in patients with tumor size ≤ 4.0 cm

Variable		Open (N = 29)	Laparoscopy (N = 88)	p value
Tumor size (cm)		3.5 (2–4)	3.4 (0.9–4)	0.208^a
Node state	N0	7 (24.1)	22 (25.0)	0.926^b
Node state	N+	22 (75.9)	66 (75.0)	0.926^b
T stage	T4a	26 (89.7)	85 (96.6)	0.161^c
T stage	T4b	3 (10.3)	3 (3.4)	0.161^c
Angiolymphatic invasion	Not identified	18 (62.1)	20 (22.7)	< .001^b
Angiolymphatic invasion	Present	11 (37.9)	68 (77.3)	< .001^b
Venous invasion	Not identified	19 (65.5)	50 (56.8)	0.409^b
Venous invasion	Present	10 (34.5)	38 (43.2)	0.409^b
Perineural invasion	Not identified	7 (24.1)	11 (12.5)	0.146^c
Perineural invasion	Present	22 (75.9)	77 (87.5)	0.146^c
Combined resection	No	27 (93.1)	86 (97.7)	0.256^c
Combined resection	Yes	2 (6.9)	2 (2.3)	0.256^c
R0 resection rate		29 (100)	88 (100)	-
Harvested lymph nodes	N = 83	18 (8–60)	25 (7–107)	0.057^a
Proximal margin	N = 116	8.5 (2–43)	10.1 (1.5–48)	0.198^a
Distal margin		5.5 (0–27.5)	7.5 (0.4–50)	0.241^a
Radial margin	N = 10	1.4 (0.4–2.3)	1.1 (0.1–4)	0.896^a

^aWilcoxon rank sum test
^bChi-square test
^cFisher’s exact test
Data are expressed as median (range) for continuous variables and as number (percentage) for categorical variables

ISSN: 1477-7819