Favorable short-term oncologic outcomes following laparoscopic surgery for small T4 colon cancer: a multicenter comparative study

Table 3 Patient characteristics and perioperative outcomes in patients with tumor size ≤ 4.0 cm

Variable		Open (N = 29)	Laparoscopy (N = 88)	p value
Age (years)		62.2 ± 12.0	65.1 ± 12.8	0.287^a
Gender	Male	14 (48.3)	46 (52.3)	0.709^c
Gender	Female	15 (51.7)	42 (47.7)	0.709^c
BMI (kg/m²)		22.3 ± 3.2	23.9 ± 3.2	0.026^a
ASA score	1, 2	28 (96.6)	87 (98.9)	0.436^d
ASA score	3, 4	1 (3.5)	1 (1.1)	0.436^d
Preoperative CEA (ng/ml)		2.4 (0.6–54.9)	3.3 (0.4–138)	0.270^b
Location	Right	12 (41.4)	40 (45.5)	0.702^c
Location	Left	17 (58.6)	48 (54.6)	0.702^c
Operative time (min)		75 (45–505)	148 (85–460)	< .001^b
Blood loss (ml)		50 (0–1000)	50 (0–530)	0.003^b
Transfusion	No	27 (93.1)	88 (100)	0.060^d
Transfusion	Yes	2 (6.9)	0 (0)	0.060^d
Hospital stay (days)		8 (5–36)	8 (4–31)	0.942^b
Postoperative morbidity	No	23 (79.3)	70 (79.6)	0.978^c
Postoperative morbidity	Yes	6 (20.7)	18 (20.5)	0.978^c
Postoperative morbidity type	Ileus	1 (16.7)	6 (33.3)
	Urinary retention	0 (0)	2 (11.1)
	Anastomotic leakage	0 (0)	1 (5.6)
	Surgical site infection	3 (50)	4 (22.2)
	Sepsis	0 (0)	1 (5.6)
	Others	2 (33.3)	4 (22.2)
Clavien–Dindo classification	1, 2	6 (100)	14 (77.8)	0.539^d
Clavien–Dindo classification	3	0 (0)	4 (22.2)	0.539^d
Adjuvant chemotherapy	No	1 (20.0)	18 (22.9)	1.000^c
(N = 77)	Yes	4 (80.0)	54 (77.1)	1.000^c

^aTwo-sample t test
^bWilcoxon rank sum test
^cChi-square test
^dFisher’s exact test
Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median (range) for continuous variables and as number (percentage) for categorical variables
ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists, BMI body mass index, CEA carcinoembryonic antigen

ISSN: 1477-7819