Table 1 Characteristics of patients undergoing open esophagectomy and minimally invasive esophagectomy (data are presented as n (%))
Variables | Total (N = 482) | OE (N = 419) | MIE (N = 63) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | ||||
 Age ≥ 60 years | 318 (66.0) | 271 (64.7) | 47 (74.6) | 0.121 |
 Sex (male) | 451 (93.6) | 391 (93.3) | 60 (95.2) | 0.784 |
 BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 | 125 (25.9) | 106 (25.3) | 19 (30.2) | 0.412 |
Medical history | ||||
 DM | 81 (16.8) | 63 (15.0) | 18 (28.6) | 0.007 |
 HTN | 160 (33.2) | 139 (33.2) | 21 (33.3) | 0.980 |
Cardiac condition | ||||
 HR |  |  |  | 0.256 |
  ≤ 51 | 138 (28.6) | 115 (27.4) | 23 (36.5) |  |
  < 51–74 | 119 (24.7) | 102 (24.3) | 17 (27.0) |  |
  < 74–99 | 116 (24.1) | 102 (24.3) | 14 (22.2) |  |
  > 99 | 109 (22.6) | 100 (23.9) | 9 (14.3) |  |
 LVEF |  |  |  | 0.333 |
  ≤ 59 | 97 (26.4) | 86 (27.0) | 11 (22.0) |  |
  < 59–62 | 107 (29.1) | 91 (28.6) | 16 (32.0) |  |
  < 62–65 | 88 (23.9) | 72 (22.6) | 16 (32.0) |  |
  > 65 | 76 (20.7) | 69 (21.7) | 7 (14.0) |  |
Medications | ||||
 β-Blocker use | 30 (6.2) | 24 (5.7) | 6 (9.5) | 0.245 |
 Diuretics use | 39 (8.1) | 33 (7.9) | 6 (9.5) | 0.655 |
Cancer related | ||||
 Neoadjuvant therapy | 189 (39.2) | 183 (43.7) | 6 (9.5) | < 0.001 |
 Pathologic stage of cancer |  |  |  | 0.006 |
  Stage 0 | 111 (23.0) | 105 (25.1) | 6 (9.5) |  |
  Stages I and II | 371 (77.0) | 314 (74.9) | 57 (90.5) |  |
 Incision |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
  Ivor Lewis | 344 (71.4) | 339 (80.9) | 5 (7.9) |  |
  McKeown | 134 (27.8) | 76 (18.1) | 58 (92.1) |  |
  Transhiatal | 4 (0.8) | 4 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) |  |
Complications | ||||
 Pneumonia | 75 (15.6) | 64 (15.3) | 11 (17.5) | 0.655 |
 Anastomotic leak | 30 (6.2) | 22 (5.3) | 8 (12.7) | 0.023 |
 Sepsis | 78 (16.2) | 66 (15.8) | 12 (19.0) | 0.508 |
 Acute kidney injury | 169 (35.1) | 147 (35.1) | 22 (34.9) | 0.980 |
Outcomes | ||||
 Postoperative atrial fibrillation | 53 (11.0) | 48 (11.5) | 5 (7.9) | 0.519 |
 In-hospital mortality | 17 (3.5) | 14 (3.3) | 3 (4.8) | 0.476 |