Table 3 Classification of complications according to Clavien-Dindo

I

Any deviation from the normal postoperative course without the need for pharmacological treatment or surgical, endoscopic, and radiological interventions. Allowed therapeutic regimens are drugs such as antiemetics, antipyretics, analgetics, diuretics, and electrolytes and physiotherapy. This grade also includes wound infections opened at the bedside.

II

Requiring pharmacological treatment with drugs other than such allowed for grade I complications. Blood transfusions and total parenteral nutrition are also included.

IIIa

Requiring surgical, endoscopic, or radiological intervention: Intervention not under general anesthesia

IIIb

Requiring surgical, endoscopic, or radiological intervention: Intervention under general anesthesia.

IV a

Life-threatening complication (including CNS complications) requiring IC/ICU-management: single-organ dysfunction (including dialysis)

IV b

Life-threatening complication (including CNS complications) requiring IC/ICU-management: multiorgan dysfunction

V

Death of a patient