Table 2 Univariate and multivariate analyses of prognostic factors for overall survival among patients with recurrent pancreatic cancer

Age at time of recurrence (≥ 75 vs. < 75)

0.886

0.521–1.507

0.655

Sex (male vs. female)

0.875

0.505–1.515

0.633

BMI at the time of recurrence (< 21.8 kg/m² vs. ≥ 21.8 kg/m²)

2.249

1.186–4.264

0.013

1.203

0.608–2.380

0.596

Smoking status at the time of recurrence (current or former vs. never)

0.903

0.478–1.707

0.753

Primary tumor location (head vs. body and tail)

0.876

0.512–1.499

0.630

Primary tumor size (≥ 28.9 mm vs. < 28.9 mm)

1.396

0.826–2.361

0.213

Histological grading for primary tumor (G1 vs. other)

0.729

0.435–1.222

0.230

Lymph node metastasis at initial surgery (present vs. absent)

1.624

0.911–2.895

0.100

1.560

0.819–2.972

0.176

Surgical margin at the initial resection (present vs. absent)

0.940

0.445–1.986

0.871

Serum CA19-9 level at time of recurrence (≥ 107.95 U/ml vs. < 107.95 U/ml)

0.931

0.548–1.583

0.793

NLR (≥ 1.69 mm vs. < 1.69 mm)

2.544

1.460–4.434

0.001

2.357

1.314–4.228

0.004

Time to recurrence after pancreatectomy (< 12 months [early] vs. ≥ 12 months [late])

2.618

1.489–4.604

0.001

2.940

1.551–5.573

0.001

Initial site of recurrence (distant vs. local)

1.227

0.717–2.100

0.456

Chemotherapy after recurrence (present vs. absent)

0.489

0.266–0.898

0.021

0.348

0.165–0.732

0.005

Sarcopenia at time of recurrence (present vs. absent)

2.846

1.029–7.871

0.044

3.094

1.035–9.248

0.043