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Table 3 Subgroup multivariable Cox analyses of the impact of primary tumor resection on overall survival and cancer-specific survival

From: Individualized prediction of survival benefit from primary tumor resection for patients with unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer

Variables

OS

p value*

CSS

p value*

HR (95% CI)

HR (95% CI)

Total

0.458 (0.422–0.497)

< 0.001

0.452 (0.415–0.492)

< 0.001

Age

    

 < 60

0.477 (0.421–0.542)

< 0.001

0.477 (0.419–0.542)

< 0.001

 ≥ 60

0.449 (0.402–0.500)

< 0.001

0.438 (0.392–0.491)

< 0.001

Gender

    

 Male

0.453 (0.408–0.504)

< 0.001

0.444 (0.398–0.495)

< 0.001

 Female

0.464 (0.407–0.529)

< 0.001

0.463 (0.404–0.530)

< 0.001

Race

    

 Black

0.459 (0.417–0.505)

< 0.001

0.453 (0.411–0.499)

< 0.001

 White

0.419 (0.340–0.516)

< 0.001

0.424 (0.341–0.526)

< 0.001

 Other

0.510 (0.385–0.675)

< 0.001

0.476 (0.356–0.635)

< 0.001

Grade

    

 I and II

0.449 (0.408–0.494)

< 0.001

0.443 (0.401–0.489)

< 0.001

 III and IV

0.477 (0.404–0.562)

< 0.001

0.473 (0.399–0.561)

< 0.001

Primary site

    

 Proximal colon

0.395 (0.341–0.458)

< 0.001

0.389 (0.335–0.453)

< 0.001

 Distal colon

0.359 (0.302–0.426)

< 0.001

0.345 (0.289–0.412)

< 0.001

 Rectum

0.563 (0.499–0.637)

< 0.001

0.558 (0.492–0.634)

< 0.001

 Other

0.341 (0.186–0.627)

0.001

0.358 (0.193–0.666)

0.001

Histology type

    

 AC

0.455 (0.418–0.496)

< 0.001

0.448 (0.410–0.489)

< 0.001

 MAC

0.386 (0.262–0.569)

< 0.001

0.396 (0.265–0.591)

< 0.001

 SRCC

0.396 (0.204–0.769)

0.006

0.384 (0.195–0.758)

0.006

CEA

    

 Normal

0.336 (0.272–0.415)

< 0.001

0.320 (0.258–0.398)

< 0.001

 Abnormal

0.484 (0.442–0.529)

< 0.001

0.481 (0.439–0.528)

< 0.001

Radiotherapy

    

 No

0.464 (0.423–0.509)

< 0.001

0.453 (0.412–0.498)

< 0.001

 Yes

0.420 (0.348–0.507)

< 0.001

0.435 (0.358–0.529)

< 0.001

Chemotherapy

    

 No

0.471 (0.401–0.554)

< 0.001

0.454 (0.384–0.537)

< 0.001

 Yes

0.469 (0.427–0.516)

< 0.001

0.466 (0.422–0.514)

< 0.001

T stage

    

 T1 and T2

0.436 (0.351–0.541)

< 0.001

0.429 (0.343–0.536)

< 0.001

 T3 and T4

0.463 (0.422–0.507)

< 0.001

0.457 (0.416–0.502)

< 0.001

N stage

    

 N0

0.394 (0.342–0.455)

< 0.001

0.383 (0.330–0.444)

< 0.001

 N1

0.451 (0.399–0.510)

< 0.001

0.445 (0.393–0.505)

< 0.001

 N2

0.649 (0.519–0.812)

< 0.001

0.663 (0.527–0.836)

< 0.001

Bone metastasis

    

 No

0.455 (0.418–0.496)

< 0.001

0.448 (0.411–0.489)

< 0.001

 Yes

0.426 (0.295–0.616)

< 0.001

0.453 (0.310–0.662)

< 0.001

Liver metastasis

    

 No

0.371 (0.312–0.440)

< 0.001

0.358 (0.299–0.428)

< 0.001

 Yes

0.493 (0.449–0.542)

< 0.001

0.488 (0.443–0.538)

< 0.001

Lung metastasis

    

 No

0.423 (0.384–0.466)

< 0.001

0.420 (0.380–0.464)

< 0.001

 Yes

0.567 (0.485–0.664)

< 0.001

0.550 (0.468–0.646)

< 0.001

Brain metastasis

    

 No

0.457 (0.421–0.497)

< 0.001

0.452 (0.415–0.492)

< 0.001

 Yes

0.400 (0.151–1.060)

0.065

0.338 (0.122–0.932)

0.036

  1. All HRs refer to surgery versus non-surgery (reference) in the subgroup analysis
  2. CI confidence interval, AC adenocarcinoma, MAC mucinous adenocarcinoma, SRCC signet ring cell carcinoma
  3. *Multivariant Cox regression model