Table 2 Demographic and clinical characteristics between frail and sarcopenia

Age (years)

82 (69-88)

76 (59-85)

0.026

Sex (male/female)

4/7

13/13

0.447

 Diabetes mellitus

5 (45.5%)

4 (15.4%)

0.051

 Cardiac valvular disease

2 (18.2%)

0 (0.0%)

0.025

 Myocardial infarction

2 (18.2%)

2 (7.7%)

0.348

 Chronic pulmonary disease or pneumonia

4 (36.4%)

0 (0.0%)

0.001

 Hypertension requiring medication

3 (27.3%)

7 (26.9%)

0.546

 Cerebrovascular accident

3 (27.3%)

0 (0.0%)

0.004

Albumin (g/l)

3.3 (2.6-4.0)

3.7 (3.1-4.6)

0.218

Prognostic nutritional index

36.2 (32.3-48.2)

47.1 (38.8-58.9)

0.540

Controlling nutritional status

<0.001

 0〜1 or 2〜4

4 (36.4%)

26 (100%)

 5〜8 or 8〜

7 (63.6%)

0 (0.0%)

Operative time (min)

563 (228-874)

497 (206-753)

0.122

Blood loss (g)

985 (223-2703)

646 (75-2613)

0.122

Intraoperative transfusion

6 (54.5%)

5 (19.2%)

0.032

Clavien-Dindo classification ≧ IIIa

8 (72.7%)

10 (38.5%)

0.057

 Clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula

3 (27.3%)

7 (26.9%)

0.983

 Intra-abdominal abscess

1 (9.1%)

2 (7.7%)

0.887

 Bile leakage

0 (0.0%)

1 (3.8%)

0.510

 Wound dehiscence

1 (9.1%)

1 (3.8%)

0.519

 Organ/space surgical site infection

1 (9.1%)

0 (0.0%)

0.119

 Respiratory failure

3 (27.3%)

0 (0.0%)

0.005

Postoperative hospital stay (day)

21 (14-83)

18 (8-431)

0.408

Postoperative 30-day mortality

1 (9.1%)

0 (0.0%)

0.119

Postoperative 90-day mortality

3 (27.3%)

0 (0.0%)

0.005