Fig. 3

The schematic of the kidney ventrally rotation technique. a The tumor located at the posterior side of the renal hilum, which was not at the center of the operation field during retroperitoneal RAPN. The wrinkles or weakness of the peritoneum was selected as the incising site (blue arrow). b The ventral peritoneum was extended cephalad and caudally, and the kidney was rotated ventrally. Consequently, the tumor exposure was improved enough for the further resection and suture. c The longitudinal view of the posterior hilar tumor during retroperitoneal RAPN. d The improved exposure of the tumor after kidney ventrally rotation