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Table 3 The Cox regression analyses of predictive factors

From: Clinical impacts of resection margin status and clinicopathologic parameters on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

 

Local recurrence

Distant metastasis

Overall survival

HR (95% CI)

P value

HR (95% CI)

P value

HR (95% CI)

P value

Univariate analyses

 Age (≥ 65)

0.891 (0.379–2.095)

0.791

1.382 (0.845–2.260)

0.197

1.598 (0.964–2.651)

0.069

 Sex (male)

0.790 (0.342–1.823)

0.581

0.992 (0.630–1.565)

0.974

0.767 (0.483–1.219)

0.262

 Tumor location (head)

1.247 (0.532–2.924)

0.612

1.567 (0.980–2.507)

0.061

1.564 (0.972–2.519)

0.066

 Tumor size (pT3/pT4)

1.937 (0.646–5.808)

0.238

1.213 (0.601–2.448)

0.591

1.959 (1.037–3.698)

0.038

 Differentiation grade (G3/G4)

3.130 (1.133–8.651)

0.028

2.330 (1.186–4.577)

0.014

2.710 (1.423–5.162)

0.002

 Differentiation grade (G2/G3/G4)

1.854 (0.773–4.448)

0.167

1.750 (1.098–2.790)

0.019

1.717 (1.066- 2.764)

0.026

 Microvenous invasion (yes)

3.136 (0.422–23.334)

0.264

2.014 (0.874–4.640)

0.100

1.471 (0.672–3.223)

0.334

 Lymphatic permeation (yes)

1.278 (0.472–3.466)

0.629

2.273 (1.224–4.224)

0.009

1.911 (1.026–3.558)

0.041

 Perineural invasion (yes)

4.169 (0.560–31.015)

0.163

1.060 (0.559–2.012)

0.858

1.136 (0.582–2.219)

0.708

 Resection margin (R1)

1.396 (0.595–3.273)

0.443

1.048 (0.651–1.687)

0.846

1.188 (0.738–1.912)

0.479

 Nodal metastasis (yes)

1.024 (0.437–2.399)

0.956

2.082 (1.262–3.433)

0.004

1.574 (0.967–2.563)

0.068

 TNM stage (III/IV)

1.007 (0.340–2.980)

0.990

n.d.

n.d.

1.768 (1.035–3.018)

0.037

 Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (yes)

1.196 (0.516–2.772)

0.677

0.865 (0.550–1.361)

0.531

0.981 (0.617–1.560)

0.935

 Adjuvant chemotherapy (yes)

0.867 (0.202- 3.728)

0.848

0.872 (0.377–2.015)

0.748

0.622 (0.284–1.364)

0.236

 Postoperative radiotherapy (yes)

1.339 (0.313–5.739)

0.694

0.780 (0.314–1.941)

0.593

0.758 (0.305–1.884)

0.551

Multivariate analyses

 Age (≥ 65)

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

1.481 (0.875–2.506)

0.143

 Tumor location (head)

n.d.

n.d.

1.253 (0.770–2.039)

0.364

1.621 (0.988–2.661)

0.056

 Tumor size (pT3/pT4)

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

1.586 (0.805–3.124)

0.182

 Differentiation grade (G3/G4)

n.d.

n.d.

2.705 (1.353–5.408)

0.005

2.372 (1.228–4.582)

0.010

 Nodal metastasis (yes)

n.d.

n.d.

2.125 (1.258–3.590)

0.005

1.260 (0.757–2.099)

0.374

 Age (≥ 65)

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

1.603 (0.940–2.736)

0.083

 Tumor location (head)

n.d.

n.d.

1.320 (0.809–2.155)

0.267

1.710 (1.033–2.832)

0.037

 Tumor size (pT3/pT4)

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

1.902 (0.974–3.717)

0.060

 Differentiation grade (G2/G3/G4)

n.d.

n.d.

1.687 (1.057–2.692)

0.028

1.780 (1.091–2.905)

0.021

 Nodal metastasis (yes)

n.d.

n.d.

1.857 (1.101–3.132)

0.020

1.140 (0.678–1.918)

0.621

  1. HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, G1 well-differentiated carcinoma, G2 moderately differentiated carcinoma, G3 poorly differentiated carcinoma, G4 undifferentiated carcinoma, n.d. not determined