Table 3 Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of distant metastasis across different breast cancer subtypes. Association of clinicopathological variables with distant metastasis was analyzed using univariable binary logistic regression

Age (years)

≤ 40

1.773

1.262–2.493

0.001

2.283

1.321–3.953

0.003

1.255

0.440–3.584

0.670

2.037

0.901-4.608

0.087

1.333

0.730–2.433

0.348

> 40

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Menarche

≤ 12

0.946

0.656–1.364

0.767

0.998

0.567–1.758

0.995

2.571

0.931–7.092

0.068

0.824

0.327–2.075

0.681

0.620

0.309–1.245

0.180

> 12

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Menopause

≤ 50

0.626

0.409–0.957

0.030

0.792

0.423–1.482

0.466

0.939

0.317–2.783

0.317

0.451

0.143–1.426

0.175

0.401

0.166–0.967

0.042

> 50

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Parity

Nulliparity

1.301

0.817–2.071

0.268

1.049

0.553–1.993

0.883

5.385

0.680–42.66

0.111

2.069

0.444–9.646

0.269

1.037

0.441–2.439

0.934

Multiparity

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Breastfeeding

Yes

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

No

1.108

0.780–1.572

0.567

1.170

0.702–1.950

0.546

2.685

0.741–9.729

0.149

1.095

0.433–2.772

0.848

1.329

0.696–2.544

0.388

BMI

≥ 25

0.832

0.623–1.110

0.603

1.064

0.699–1.619

0.774

0.913

0.381–2.189

0.935

0.415

0.188–0.915

0.029

0.782

0.449–1.362

0.385

< 25

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Family history

Yes

1.061

0.747–1.511

0.785

1.153

0.659–2.018

0.659

2.342

0.859–6.410

0.096

1.169

0.511–2.674

0.711

0.968

0.500–1.873

0.922

No

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Grade

I–II

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

III

1.174

0.822–1.678

0.378

0.993

0.605–1.627

0.976

1.398

0.430–4.546

0.578

1.708

0.607–4.802

0.310

1.273

0.627–2.583

0.504

Stage

I–II

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

III

1.883

1.373–2.646

< 0.0001

2.160

1.377–3.389

0.001

1.156

0.439–3.039

0769

2.227

0.949–5.208

0.066

1.616

0.863–3.021

0.134

Tumor size

≤ 5

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

> 5

1.115

0.829–1.501

0.472

0.886

0.582–1350

0.969

2.068

0.716–5.971

0.179

1.985

0.897–4.389

0.091

0.978

0.543–1.762

0.940

T

T1–2

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

T3–4

1.429

1.015–2.012

0.041

1.162

0.732–1.845

0.525

1.605

0.498–5.169

0.428

2.440

0.948–6.276

0.064

1.624

0.768–3.345

0.204

T1–3

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

T4

2.115

1.544–2.898

< 0.0001

2.685

1.649–4.371

< 0.0001

2.380

0.964–5.876

0.060

1.569

0.708–3.478

0.267

1.709

0.957–3.054

0.070

N

N0

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

N1–3

1.855

1.319–2.611

< 0.0001

2.571

1.548–4.274

< 0.0001

0.807

0.300–2169

0.671

1.736

0.704–4.292

0231

1.515

0.797–2.882

0.205

Chemotherapy

Anthracycline

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Anthracycline-taxane

0.510

0.355–0.766

0.001

0.417

0.226–0.769

0.005

0.629

0.228–1.734

0.370

0.769

0.329–1.798

0.544

0.518

0.237–1.131

0.099

Radiotherapy

Yes

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

No

1.788

1.269–2.521

0.001

1.923

1.160–3.187

0.011

0.861

0.322–2.303

0.766

2.304

0.984–5.398

0.055

1.794

0.898–3.585

0.098

Surgery

MRM

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

BCT

1.005

0.624–1.618

0.995

0.837

0.414–1.694

0.621

0.996

0.254–3902

0.995

1.242

0.368–4.190

0727

1.175

0.464–2.977

0.734