Fig. 5
From: Thoracic tumor resection combined with SVC replacement using autologous pericardium
d The tumor invaded the SVC and reach the confluence of the right and left brachiocephalic veins. e Severed right and left brachiocephalic veins, distal end of the azygos vein, and the SVC at a distance of ≥ 2 cm from the base of the tumor. f Right brachiocephalic vein and azygos vein proximal anastomosis: The two orifices of the pericardial tube anastomosed proximally to the SVC and distally to the left brachial vein