Table 2 Detailed information on the 11 hub genes identified in the PPI network
Gene | Full name | Overview | Expression in PTC | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
FN1 | Fibronectin 1 | FN1 is involved in cell adhesion and migration processes including host defense and metastasis. | Upregulated | [29] |
CCND1 | Cyclin D1 | CCND1 has been demonstrated to interact with tumor suppressor protein Rb. | Upregulated | [30] |
MET | MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase | MET plays a role in cellular survival, embryogenesis, and cellular migration and invasion. | Downregulated | [31] |
RUNX2 | RUNX family transcription factor 2 | RUNX2 is essential for osteoblastic differentiation and skeletal morphogenesis. | Upregulated | [32] |
IRS1 | Insulin receptor substrate 1 | Mutations in IRS1 are associated with type II diabetes and susceptibility to insulin resistance. | No relevant biological experiments | [33] |
SERPINA1 | Serpin family A member 1 | The protein encoded by SERPINA1 is an inhibitor whose targets include elastase, plasmin, thrombin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and plasminogen activator. | Upregulated | [34] |
KRT19 | Keratin 19 | KRT19 is responsible for the structural integrity of epithelial cells. It is specifically expressed in the periderm. | Upregulated | [35] |
FGFR2 | Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 | FGFR-2 is involved in regulating cell proliferation, migration and differentiation, as well as in the response to injury and tissue repair. | Downregulated | [36] |
MUC1 | Mucin 1, cell surface associated | Overexpression, aberrant intracellular localization, and changes in the glycosylation of MUC1 have been associated with carcinomas. | Downregulated | [37] |
NCAM1 | Neural cell adhesion molecule 1, also known as CD56 | NCAM1 is involved in the development of the nervous system, the expansion of T cells and dendritic cells with a regulatory role in cell motility and migratory capacity of neoplastic cells. | Downregulated | [38] |
WFS1 | Wolframin ER transmembrane glycoprotein | Mutations in WFS1 are associated with Wolfram syndrome, also called DIDMOAD (diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness), an autosomal recessive disorder. | No related references | [39] |