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Table 2 Relationships between perineural invasion and clinicopathologic factors of gallbladder cancer patients

From: Indications for extrahepatic bile duct resection due to perineural invasion in patients with gallbladder cancer

Characteristics

PNI (−)

PNI (+)

p value

 

n = 37 (74.0%)

n = 13 (26.0%)

 

Age (years)

 < 70

15 (40.5)

8 (61.5)

0.215

 70 ≦

22 (59.5)

5 (38.5)

 

Gender

 Male

9 (23.4)

8 (61.5)

0.021*

 Female

28 (75.7)

5 (38.5)

 

Postoperative chemotherapy

 No

29 (78.4)

2 (15.4)

< 0.001*

 Yes

8 (21.6)

11 (84.6)

 

Postoperative complications

 No

36 (97.3)

10 (76.9)

0.049*

 Yes

1 (2.7)

3 (23.1)

 

Size (mm)

 < 35

20 (54.1)

6 (46.2)

0.751

 35 ≦

17 (45.9)

7 (53.8)

 

Circumferential tumor location

 Hepatic side

21 (56.8)

11 (84.6)

0.098

 No hepatic side

16 (43.2)

2 (15.4)

 

Tumor location

 Proximal

10 (27.0)

10 (76.9)

0.003*

 Distal

27 (73.0)

3 (23.1)

 

Lymphatic invasion

 No

27 (73.0)

3 (23.1)

0.003*

 Yes

10 (27.0)

10 (76.9)

 

Vascular invasion

 No

32 (86.5)

3 (23.1)

< 0.001*

 Yes

5 (13.5)

10 (76.9)

 

T category

 T1

14 (37.8)

0 (0.0)

0.010*

 T2, T3

23 (62.2)

13 (100.0)

 

N category

 N (-)

29 (78.4)

8 (61.5)

0.281

 N (+)

8 (21.6)

5 (38.5)

 

Number of resected lymph nodes

6.32

5.00

0.494

Lymph node ratio

0.24

0.21

0.791

  1. PNI perineural invasion. Significant differences between samples are indicated as *p <0.05