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Table 4 Multivariate risk analysis. Impact of various characteristics on overall survival of all included patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma after curative intended pancreas surgery (n = 251)

From: Adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: retrospective real-life data

 

Survival [months]

CI [months]

p

Gender

Male

19.6

16.2–23.1

0.705

Female

21.9

16.8–27.0

Age [years]

< 63

22.8

14.9–30.7

0.085

< 72

22.5

17.7–27.4

≥ 72

17.6

13.7–21.4

BMI [kg/m2]

> 24,6

18.7

16.1–21.3

0.903

≥ 24,6

21.9

18.2–25.6

Weight loss [kg] (preoperatively)

< 5

19.0

14.5–23.5

0.878

≥ 5

21.2

17.1–25.3

Comorbidities

Yes

20.7

17.5–24.0

0.464

No

19.5

7.9–31.2

Pancreatitis (preoperatively)

Yes

18.5

14.3–22.7

0.395

No

22.5

18.1–27.0

Diabetes (postoperatively)

Yes

21.2

15.8–26.5

0.565

No

20.3

16.2–24.5

ASA [12]

I

20.4

11.1–29.6

0.732

II

21.5

17.8–25.2

III

19.7

13.5–25.3

IV

12.1

3.1–21.1

Alcohol

Yes

19.7

2.7–23.5

0.585

No

17.2

17.2–23.5

Nicotine

Yes

22.8

16.3–29.2

0.661

No

19.7

16.2–23.2

Diagnosis to OP [days]

< 23

20.4

16.5–24.2

0.817

≥ 23

20.4

15.6–25.1

Duration of OP [min]

< 400

19.6

16.5–22.7

0.505

≥ 400

21.9

16.8–27.1

ICU stay [days]

< 5

19.4

13.7–25.1

0.837

≥ 5

20.4

14.6–26.1

Hospital stay [days]

< 18

20.8

16.2–25.4

0.147

≥ 18

20.4

16.4–24.3

Drain removal [days]

< 7

19.6

15.6–23.5

0.075

≥ 7

20.4

16.1–24.6

Complications (intraoperatively)

Yes

17.4

14.2–20.6

0.385

No

21.2

18.2–24.2

Complications (postoperatively)

Yes

21.9

15.1–28.7

0.994

No

20.4

18.2–22.5

Blood transfusion (intraoperatively)

Yes

13.4

3.0–23.8

0.118

No

20.8

17.6–24.1

Re-operation

Yes

15.1

10.1–20.2

0.323

No

22.5

18.5–24.6

Adjuvant chemotherapy

Yes

25.6

21.8–29.4

0.001

No

14.3

11.0–17.7

Abandonment of chemotherapy

Yes

27.7

22.6–32.8

0.009

No

19.7

11.3–281

Cycles

1–3

14

0.2–11.7

0.026

4–5

26.3

3–20.4

6

27.7

1.7–24.4

Rehabilitation

Yes

21.5

18.3–24.8

0.159

No

15.1

8.2–22.1

OP to rehabilitation [days]

< 21

23.6

14.9–32.3

0.419

≥ 21

18.5

16.5–20.5

Tumor localization

Caput

20.4

17.2–23.5

0.515

Corpus

19.4

6.2–40.6

Caudae

22.6

11.3–33.8

Tumor size

T1

38.3

19.9–56.6

0.212

T2

20.7

15.7–25.8

T3

19.7

16.1–23.3

T4

10.1

0–21.9

Tumor grade

G1/G2

21.6

16.7–26.4

0.019

G3/G4

15.2

7.3–23.1

Lymph node invasion

N0

30.6

24.2–37.6

< 0.001

N1

17.3

1.8–13.8

Lymph vessel invasion

L0

26.6

12.3–41.0

0.014

L1

17.4

13.3–21.6

Vein invasion

V0

22.6

18.5–26.6

0.016

V1

14.4

11.5–17.4

V2

10.3

n/c

Perineural invasion

Pn0

21.6

15.3–27.8

0.242

Pn1

19.6

14.9–24.3

Distant metastases

M0

20.8

17.7–24.0

0.012

M1

6.6

1.4–17.4

Resection

R0

24.3

19.6–29.2

< 0.001

R1

13.3

10.7–15.9

R2

14.4

17.3–23.4

CA 19.9 [U/mL] (time of diagnosis)

< 37

23.6

21.3–33.4

0.071

< 100

27.6

24.3–41.0

< 500

18.0

18.0–26.3

< 1000

14.1

13.3–23.5

≥ 1000

10.4

9.3–27.5

CA 19.9 [U/mL] (postoperatively)

< 37

26.4

25.3–32.8

0.031

< 100

15.9

12.2–28.4

< 500

14.4

12.3–22.5

< 1000

13.0

− 11.3 to 44.2

≥ 1000

9.9

7.2–18.3

CA 19.9 [U/mL] (time of recurrence)

< 37

25.2

21.8–35.4

0.193

< 100

22.5

19.0–29.3

< 500

23.7

20.8–31.1

< 1000

16.3

14.9–25.0

≥ 1000

10.3

10.1–18.0

  1. Reference range of CA 19.9 < 37 U/mL
  2. BMI body mass index, CI confidence interval, n/c not calculated, OP operation