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Table 5 Multivariate analysis to identify the prognostic factors for recurrence in rectal adenocarcinoma

From: Factors predicting recurrence after curative resection for rectal cancer: a 16-year study

Prognostic factors

Risk category

Reference category

Multivariate analysis

HR

95% CI

p

Factors related to the population

 Sex

Female

Male

1.356

0.5–3.3

0.50

 Age

< 50 years

≥ 50 years

0.429

0.1–1.0

0.07

Factors related to the tumor

 Stenotic character

Stenotic

Non-stenotic

4.387

1.2–15.2

0.02

 Size

≥ 5 cm

< 5 cm

0.710

0.2–1.7

0.45

Factors related to adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatment

 Neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy

Absent

Present

1.502

0.6–3.3

0.32

Factors related to surgery

 Surgical intervention

Abdominoperineal resection

Anterior resection of the rectum

1.216

0.4–3.1

0.69

 Distal margin

≤ 2 cm

> 2 cm

6.819

2.7–16.6

0.00

 Intraoperative incident

Yes

No

1.627

0.2–9.0

0.57

Pathological factors

 Parietal invasion (pT stage)

T3–T4

T1–T2

3.073

1.1–9.4

0.05

 Perforated character of the tumor

Yes

No

2.279

0.1–33.6

0.54

 Ganglionic invasion (pN stage)

Yes

No

0.300

0–6.7

0.44

 Extra capsular invasion

Yes

No

4.408

1.3–14.0

0.01

 Vascular emboli

Yes

No

1.398

0.5–3.4

0.47

 lymphatic and perineural invasion

Yes

No

2.369

0.7–7.0

0.12

 pTNM stage

III and IV

I and II

4.623

0.2–90.9

0.31

  1. HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval