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Table 1 Characteristic of eligible studies in the meta-analysis

From: Should internal mammary lymph node sentinel biopsy be performed in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Year

Country

No. of patients

Nature

Stage

Lymphatic mapping technique

Positivity rate (%)

IMN+

IMN-

AXN+

n (%)

AXN−

n (%)

AXN+

n (%)

AXN−

n (%)

Avisar [12]

2008

American

31

Prospective

T1-3 N0

Gamma probe or blue dye or LS

25

5 (17.86)

2 (7.14)

5 (17.86)

16 (27.59)

Bourre [13]

2009

France

161

Petrospective

T1 N0

Gamma probe and blue dye and LS

11

11 (6.83)

7 (4.34)

7 (4.34)

135 (86.25)

Carcoforo [14]

2006

Italy

65

Retrospective

N0

Gamma probe and blue dye and LS

15.40

3 (10.34)

1 (3.45)

4 (13.79)

21 (72.41)

Caudle [8]

2014

American

71

Retrospective

N0

Gamma probe and blue dye and LS

15

4 (5.63)

7 (9.86)

12 (16.90)

48 (67.61)

Cong [15]

2016

China

145

Prospective

I-IV

Gamma probe and LS and fluorescence

12.40

11 (7.01)

8 (5.10)

59 (37.58)

79 (50.32)

Galimberti [16]

2002

Italy

160

Retrospective

I-IV

LS

8.80

10 (6.25)

4 (2.50)

45 (28.13)

101 (63.13)

Generich [9]

2014

American

122

Retrospective

Tis-T2 N0

Gamma probe and LS

10

10 (9.26)

2 (1.85)

20 (18.52)

76 (70.37)

He [17]

2010

China

94

Retrospective

T1-2 N0

Gamma probe and LS and carbon nanoparticles

24

19 (20.21)

4 (4.26)

10 (10.64)

61 (64.89)

Heuts [18]

2009

Netherlands

139

Retrospective

cN0

Gamma probe and blue dye and LS

22

22 (15.83)

9 (6.47)

43 (30.94)

65 (46.76)

Lee [19]

2013

Korea

31

Retrospective

cN0

NR

20.00

1 (10.00)

1 (10.00)

0 (0.00)

8 (80.00)

Leidenius [20]

2006

Finland

122

Retrospective

T1-2 N0

Gamma probe and LS

15

10 (7.25)

8 (5.80)

28 (20.29)

92 (66.67)

Mansel [21]

2004

UK

31

RCT

cN0

Gamma probe and LS

13

2 (6.45)

2 (6.45)

15 (48.39)

12 (38.71)

Maraz [22]

2014

Hungary

77

Retrospective

T1-3 N0

Blue dye and LS

18

2 (2.60)

12 (15.58)

14 (18.18)

49 (63.64)

Ozmen [23]

2015

Turkey

72

Retrospective

cN0

LS

14

9 (12.50)

1 (1.39)

24 (33.33)

38 (52.78)

Piato [24]

2016

Brazil

20

Prospective

I-II

LS and PET-CT

21

2 (10.53)

2 (10.53)

1 (5.26)

14 (73.68)

Postma [25]

2012

Netherlands

86

Retrospective

T1-2 N0

Gamma probe and blue dye and LS

16.00

7 (8.14)

7 (8.14)

25 (29.07)

47 (54.65)

Qi [26]

2018

China

337

Retrospective

M0

NR

18.70

62 (18.40)

1 (0.30)

132 (39.17)

142 (42.14)

Veronesi [27]

2008

Italy

663

Retrospective

I-IV

Gamma probe and LS

10.30

51 (7.69)

17 (2.56)

182 (27.45)

413 (62.29)

  1. AXN axillary lymph nodes, IMN internal mammary lymph node, LS lymphoscintigraphy, M0 no presence of distant metastasis, N0 no presence of lymphatic involvement, NR not reported, PET-CT positron emission tomography–computed tomography, RCT randomized clinical trial, Tis carcinoma in situ, n number of patients, + positive, presence of lymph node metastasis, negative, no presence of lymph node metastasis