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Table 1 Characteristics of studies between serum zinc levels and lung cancer risk

From: Association between serum zinc levels and lung cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies

Study, year

Country

Study type

Age

Lung cancer cases

Controls

Methods of measured zinc

n

Zinc: mean ± SD

n

Zinc: mean ± SD

Sun et al., 1991

China

Case-control

30–75

104

M = 0.945 ± 0.303(μg/mL)

F = 0.970 ± 0.229 (μg/mL)

252

M = 0.945 ± 0.23(μg/mL)

F = 1.08 ± 0.197 (μg/mL)

Atomic absorption spectrophotometer measurements (IL-951, USA)

Cobanoglu et al., 2010

Turkey

Case-control

54 ± 8.29

30

0.539 ± 0.225 (μg/dL)

20

2.051 ± 0.298 (μg/dL)

UNICAM-929 spectrophotometer (Unicam Ltd, York Street, Cambridge, UK)

Diez et al., 1989

Spain

Case-control

60 ± 7

64

0.627 ± 0.136 (μg/mL)

100

0.733 ± 0.173 (μg/mL)

Perkin-Elmer 5.000 atomic absorption spectrophotometer

Jin et al., 2011

China

Case-control

34.9 ± 21.3

154

0.673 ± 0.47 (μg/mL)

154

1.27 ± 0.442 (μg/mL)

Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Osaka, Japan)

Oyama et al., 1994

Japan

Case-control

26–83

109

0.853 ± 0.279 (μg/mL)

53

0.873 ± 0.324 (μg/mL)

Atomic absorption spectrophotometry (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Osaka, Japan)

Zablocka-Slowinska et al., 2018

Poland

Case-control

50–70

44

0.86 ± 0.215 (μg/L)

44

0.99 ± 0.263 (μg/L)

Atomic absorption spectrometry

Zowczak et al., 2001

Poland

Case-control

42–87

14

12 ± 2 (μmol/L)

18

13.8 ± 2 (μmol/L)

Flame atomic absorption spectrometry using Perkin ELmer spectrometer

Feng et al., 2006

China

Observation study

18–82

13

17.72 ± 2.55 (μmol/L)

36

17.57 ± 2.74 (μmol/L)

Flame atomic absorption spectrometry

Zhang et al., 1997

China

Case-control

25–80

64

0.788 ± 0.171 (μg/mL)

31

0.91 ± 0.374 (μg/mL)

Atomic absorption spectrophotometer measurements

Jin et al., 2001

China

Case-control

45–70

40

11.1 ± 3.73 (μmol/L)

46

13.4 ± 2.5 (μmol/L)

Atomic absorption spectrophotometer measurements

Zhang et al., 1994

China

Case-control

59 ± 9

40

16.98 ± 3.06 (μmol/L)

24

20.96 ± 3.67 (μmol/L)

Atomic absorption spectrophotometer measurements

Xu et al., 1993

China

Case-control

56 ± 7.5

42

11.45 ± 2.08 (μmol/L)

40

13.78 ± 2.12 (μmol/L)

Atomic absorption spectrophotometer measurements

Zhou et al., 1995

China

Case-control

39–69

186

0.702 ± 0.182 (μg/mL)

150

0.976 ± 0.102 (μg/mL)

Atomic absorption spectrophotometer measurements

Chen et al., 1994

China

Case-control

37–72

58

27.4 ± 4.8 (mol/L)

100

14.5 ± 3.8 (mol/L)

Atomic absorption spectrophotometer measurements (MFX-ID)

Luo et al., 1996

China

Case-control

40–70

35

10.25 ± 1.38 (μmol/L)

22

12.85 ± 4.28 (μmol/L)

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer measurements

Mo et al., 1995

China

Case-control

58.5

57

0.719 ± 0.159 (μg/mL)

46

0.955 ± 0.139 (μg/mL)

Atomic absorption spectrophotometer measurements

He et al., 1995

China

Case-control

34–72

143

19.481 ± 3.671(μmol/L)

50

21.436 ± 6.278(μmol/L)

Atomic absorption spectrophotometer measurements

Wei L et al., 2002

China

Case-control

22–76

79

0.832 ± 0.092 (μg/mL)

32

1.182 ± 0.018 (μg/mL)

Atomic absorption spectrophotometer measurements (American p-100)

Zhao et al., 1993

China

Case-control

43–62

46

11.17 ± 3.74 (μmol/L)

50

16.92 ± 5.6 (μmol/L)

Atomic absorption spectrophotometer measurements (BJKP-36)

He et al., 2011

China

Case-control

38–69

104

9.08 ± 1.44 (μmol/L)

122

16.44 ± 1.69 (μmol/L)

Atomic absorption spectrophotometer measurements

Chen et al., 1998

China

Case-control

47–72

43

11.74 ± 2.74 (μmol/L)

180

13 ± 1.83 (μmol/L)

Atomic absorption spectrophotometer measurements (Japan Shimadzu-A670)

Liang et al., 1992

China

Case-control

61

57

13.86 ± 5.56 (μmol/L)

80

21.81 ± 3.38 (μmol/L)

Atomic absorption spectrophotometer measurements (Chinese WFX-ID)

Huang et al., 1998

China

Case-control

25–65

136

11.933 ± 2.68 (μmol/L)

7101

19.808 ± 6.43(μmol/L)

Atomic absorption spectrophotometer measurements (Japan Shimadzu-AA670/C2H2)

Wang et al., 2003

China

Case-control

28–69

50

0.74 ± 0.18 (μg/L)

60

1.83 ± 1.44 (μg/L)

Atomic absorption spectrophotometer measurements

Cheng et al., 2011

China

Case-control

37–68

197

0.9 ± 0.3 (μmol/L)

93

1.12 ± 0.56 (μmol/L)

Atomic absorption spectrophotometer measurements

Xie et al., 2000

China

Case-control

35–68

64

70.28 ± 10.6 (μmol/L)

100

80.3 ± 20.7 (μmol/L)

Atomic absorption spectrophotometer measurements

Du et al., 1996

China

Case-control

22–73

73

13.1 ± 4 (μmol/L)

63

15.2 ± 3.5 (μmol/L)

Atomic absorption spectrophotometer measurements

Zhu et al., 1997

China

Case-control

NA

56

13.16 ± 1.71 (μmol/L)

118

15.46 ± 2.13 (μmol/L)

Atomic absorption spectrophotometer measurements (Perkin Elmer Zeeman/3030, USA)

Zhang et al., 2000

China

Case-control

25–77

310

0.812 ± 0.16 (μg/mL)

48

1.039 ± 0.154 (μg/mL)

Atomic absorption spectrophotometer measurements (Japan Shimadzu-180-80)

Hu et al., 2000

China

Case-control

36–77

56

0.797 ± 0.176 (μg/mL)

60

0.908 ± 0.022 (μg/mL)

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer measurements

Guo et al., 1994

China

Case-control

55.1

26

1.28 ± 0.94 (μg/mL)

26

0.8 ± 0.25 (μg/mL)

Atomic absorption spectrophotometer measurements (Varian Spectr AA-40p, USA)

Han et al., 1999

China

Case-control

4–77

400

0.93 ± 0.38 (μg/mL)

100

1.1 ± 0.36 (μg/mL)

Atomic absorption spectrophotometer measurements (American PE3030)

  1. SD standard deviation, NA not available, F female, M male