Table 2 Postoperative complications and severity of complications in smokers and non-smokers (293 events in 220 patients)
Variables | Smokers (n = 1056) | Non-smokers (n = 1413) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Complicationsa | 150 (14.2%) | 143 (10.1%) | 0.002 |
Surgical site infection | 57 (5.4%) | 59 (4.2%) | 0.156 |
Organ/space surgical site infection | 53 (5.0%) | 51 (3.6%) | |
Would dehiscence | 4 (0.4%) | 8 (0.6%) | |
Pulmonary complication | 54 (5.1%) | 46 (3.3%) | 0.020 |
Pneumonia | 32 (3.0%) | 33 (2.3%) | |
Pleural effusion | 15 (1.4%) | 10 (0.7%) | |
Acute respiratory distress syndrome | 2 (0.2%) | 0 | |
Pneumothorax | 3 (0.3%) | 0 | |
Atelectasis | 2 (0.2%) | 3 (0.2%) | |
Bleeding | 12 (1.1%) | 12 (0.8%) | 0.472 |
Intra-abdominal bleeding | 6 (0.6%) | 9 (0.6%) | |
Gastrointestinal bleeding | 6 (0.6%) | 3 (0.2%) | |
Others | 27 (2.6%) | 26 (1.8%) | 0.224 |
Intestinal obstruction | 12 (1.1%) | 8 (0.6%) | |
Ascites | 9 (0.5%) | 6 (0.4%) | |
Cerebral infarction | 2 (0.2%) | 2 (0.1%) | |
Delayed gastric emptying | 1 (0.1%) | 1 (0.1%) | |
Anastomotic stricture | 0 | 2 (0.1%) | |
Liver failure | 1 (0.1%) | 1 (0.1%) | |
Urinary tract infection | 1 (0.1%) | 1 (0.1%) | |
Cardiac arrest | 1 (0.1%) | 1 (0.1%) | |
Urinary retention | 0 | 2 (0.1%) | |
Diabetic ketoacidosis | 0 | 1 (0.1%) | |
Renal failure | 0 | 1 (0.1%) | |
Severity of complicationsb | 0.005 | ||
Minor (grade II) | 102 (9.8%) | 104 (7.4%) | |
Major (grade III or greater) | 48 (4.5%) | 39 (2.8%) | |
Grade IIIa | 17 (1.6%) | 15 (1.1%) | |
Grade IIIb | 18 (1.7%) | 13 (0.9%) | |
Grade IVa | 8 (0.8%) | 7 (0.5%) | |
Grade IVb | 0 | 1 (0.1%) | |
Grade V | 5 (0.5%) | 3 (0.2%) |