Table 1 Clinicopathological characteristics of the entire cohort (n = 2469)
Variables | Smokers (n = 1056) | Non-smokers (n = 1413) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Gender (male) | 1042 (98.7%) | 582 (41.1%) | < 0.001 |
Age (years) | 57.02 ± 9.37 | 54.26 ± 11.28 | < 0.001 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 21.87 ± 3.00 | 21.80 ± 2.98 | 0.574 |
ASA score | < 0.001 | ||
1 | 151 (14.3%) | 288 (20.4%) | |
2 | 789 (74.7%) | 975 (69.0%) | |
3 | 109 (10.3%) | 147 (10.4%) | |
4 | 7 (0.7%) | 3 (0.2%) | |
Any comorbidities | 353 (33.4%) | 384 (27.2%) | 0.001 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 54 (5.1%) | 27 (1.9%) | < 0.001 |
Abdominal surgery history | 82 (7.8%) | 180 (12.7%) | < 0.001 |
Pulmonary function testa | |||
Predicted vital capacity (%VC) | 87.36 ± 19.45 | 89.95 ± 20.67 | 0.004 |
Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1%) | 87.88 ± 12.49 | 90.18 ± 10.34 | < 0.001 |
Preoperative albumin (g/L) | 38.14 ± 4.59 | 38.49 ± 4.51 | 0.056 |
Preoperative hemoglobin (g/L) | 123.62 ± 25.56 | 115.38 ± 23.34 | < 0.001 |
Complication due to the tumorb | 236 (22.3%) | 298 (21.1%) | 0.452 |
Operation method | 0.539 | ||
Open | 808 (76.5%) | 1096 (77.6%) | |
Laparoscopy | 248 (23.5%) | 317 (22.4%) | |
Type of resection | 0.914 | ||
Proximal subtotal gastrectomy | 25 (2.4%) | 36 (2.5%) | |
Distal subtotal gastrectomy | 779 (73.8%) | 1048 (74.2%) | |
Total gastrectomy | 252 (23.9%) | 329 (23.3%) | |
Extent of lymph node dissection | 0.364 | ||
≥ D2 | 998 (94.5%) | 1323 (93.6%) | |
< D2 | 58 (5.5%) | 90 (6.4%) | |
Combined multi-organ resection | 98 (9.3%) | 122 (8.6%) | 0.577 |
Tumor size (cm) | 4.15 ± 2.02 | 4.03 ± 2.12 | 0.162 |
Tumor location | < 0.001 | ||
Upper | 113 (10.7%) | 103 (7.3%) | |
Middle | 211 (20.0%) | 302 (21.4%) | |
Lower | 713 (67.5%) | 945 (66.9%) | |
Diffuse | 19 (1.8%) | 63 (4.5%) | |
T stagec | 0.032 | ||
T1 | 196 (18.6%) | 297 (21.0%) | |
T2 | 167 (15.8%) | 191 (13.5%) | |
T3 | 82 (7.8%) | 79 (5.6%) | |
T4 | 611 (57.9%) | 846 (59.9%) | |
N stagec | 0.490 | ||
N0 | 402 (38.1%) | 567 (40.1%) | |
N1 | 184 (17.4%) | 225 (15.9%) | |
N2 | 208 (19.7%) | 257 (18.2%) | |
N3 | 262 (24.8%) | 364 (25.8%) | |
pTNM stagec | 0.890 | ||
I | 272 (25.8%) | 376 (26.6%) | |
II | 235 (22.2%) | 309 (21.9%) | |
III | 549 (52.0%) | 728 (51.5%) | |
Harvested lymph node | 22.70 ± 8.95 | 21.30 ± 8.38 | < 0.001 |
Intraoperative blood loss (mL) | 208.51 ± 126.73 | 199.60 ± 118.58 | 0.073 |
Operation time (min) | 203.97 ± 54.61 | 195.77 ± 53.45 | < 0.001 |
Postoperative complicationsd | 119 (11.3%) | 106 (7.5%) | 0.001 |
Transferring to ICU postoperation | 33 (3.1%) | 25 (1.8%) | 0.028 |
Postoperative hospital stays (days) | 11.78 ± 6.63 | 11.17 ± 4.46 | 0.007 |