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Table 1 Characteristics of patients

From: Breast cancer robotic nipple sparing mastectomy: evaluation of several surgical procedures and learning curve

  

Group 1

Group 2

Group 3

Total

χ²

 

Nb

%

Nb

%

Nb

%

Nb

%

p

Type reconstruction

Implant

1

6.2

2

40.0

1

16.7

4

14.8

0.15

Implant + RLDF

5

31.2

1

20.0

0

 

6

22.2

 

RLDF

10

62.6

2

40.0

5

83.3

17

63.0

 

Breast cancer

Primitive

10

62.5

3

60.0

4

66.7

17

63.0

0.973

Recurrence

6

37.5

2

40.0

2

33.3

10

37.0

 

Cup size

A–B

8

50.0

2

18.2

4

66.6

14

51.8

0.466

C

6

37.5

3

60.0

2

33.3

11

40.7

 

>C

2

12.5

0

 

0

 

2

7.4

 

Tobacco

No

12

75.0

3

60.0

5

83.3

20

74.1

0.673

Yes

4

25.0

2

40.0

1

16.7

7

25.9

 

Diabetes

No

15

93.8

5

100

6

100

26

96.3

0.700

Yes

1

6.2

0

 

0

 

1

3.7

 

ASA

1

8

50.0

2

40.0

2

33.3

12

44.4

0.763

2

8

50.0

3

60.0

4

66.7

15

55.6

 

Previous

contralateral BC

No

12

75.0

4

80.0

4

66.7

20

74.1

0.874

Yes

4

25.0

1

20.0

2

33.3

7

25.9

 

Previous conservative

breast surgery

No

8

50.0

3

60.0

2

33.3

13

48.1

0.660

Yes

8

50.0

2

40.0

4

66.7

14

51.9

 

Previous SLNB

No

13

81.2

3

75.0

2

33.3

19

70.4

0.092

Yes

3

18.8

1

25.0

4

66.7

8

29.6

 

Previous ALND

No

11

68.8

3

60.0

6

100

20

74.1

0.240

Yes

5

31.2

2

40.0

0

 

7

25.9

 

Previous homolateral

Radiotherapy

No

9

56.2

3

60.0

4

66.7

16

59.3

0.906

Yes

7

43.8

2

40.0

2

33.3

11

40.7

 

Neo-adjuvant

chemotherapy

No

13

81.2

5

100

6

100

24

88.9

0.3013

Yes

3

18.8

0

 

0

 

3

11.1

 

Implant volume

< = 300

3

50.1

1

33.3

0

 

4

40.0

0.65

311–330

2

33.4

1

33.3

1

100

4

40.0

 

> 400

1

16.7

1

33.3

0

 

2

20.0

 

Axillary surgery

No

10

 

3

 

4

 

17

62.9

0.90

SLNB

5

 

2

 

2

 

9

33.3

 

ALND

1

 

0

 

0

 

1

3.7

 

Trocar number

2

16

100

3

60.0

6

100

25

92.6

0.009

3

0

 

2

40.0

0

 

2

7.4

 

Da Vinci system

SI

11

68.8

2

40.0

1

16.7

14

51.9

0.079

XI

5

31.2

3

60.0

5

83.3

13

48.1

 

Procedure surgical

number

1

1

6.2

2

40.0

1

16.7

4

14.8

0.057

2

4

25.0

2

40.0

5

83.3

11

55.6

 

3

8

50.0

1

20.0

0

 

9

33.3

 

4

3

18.8

0

 

0

 

3

11.1

 

Post-operative

hospitalization

< 4 days

7

43.8

3

60.0

4

66.7

14

51.9

0.582

> = 4 days

9

56.2

2

40.0

2

33.3

13

48.1

 

BMI

< 23.5

      

22

 

0.763

> = 23.5

      

5

  

Surgical time

< 360

8

50.0

3

60.0

5

83.3

16

59.3

0.366

> = 360

8

50.0

2

40.0

1

16.7

11

40.7

 
  1. Abbreviations: RLDF robotic latissimus dorsi flap, SLNB sentinel lymph node dissection, ALND axillary lymph node dissection, BMI body mass index