Introducing novel and comprehensive models for predicting recurrence in breast cancer using the group LASSO approach: are estimates of early and late recurrence different?

Table 3 Risk factor assessment for overall recurrence based on group LASSO analysis

Variables	Odds ratio	95% confidence interval
Number of pregnancies	0.95	0.87–1.04
Number of abortion	1.00	0.91–1.09
Number of children	1.00	0.93–1.08
Breast feeding duration	1.00	1.00–1.00
Right-sided breast involvement	0.90	0.80–1.01
Hormone replacement therapy	1.00	0.55–1.82
Diabetes	0.87	0.72–1.07
History of breast operation	0.80	0.44–1.44
Family history of breast cancer	0.93	0.79–1.10
Family history of other cancers	1.00	0.87–1.15
Waterpipe use	1.00	0.74–1.35
Regular sports activity†	0.79	0.59–1.06
Sports duration	1.00	0.96–1.05
Tumor size	1.00	0.97–1.03
Chemotherapy before surgery	1.00	0.84–1.19
Chemotherapy after surgery	1.00	0.73–1.37
Hormone therapy	0.93	0.78–1.10
Sports activity	0.69^*	0.53–0.91
Age	0.97^*	0.96-0.97
Number of lymph nodes dissected	0.97^*	0.96–0.98
Number of invasive lymph nodes in dissection	1.08^*	10.6–1.10
In situ component	1.31^*	1.14–1.50
Grade 3‡	1.49^*	1.22–1.82
Tumor necrosis	1.59^*	1.35–1.86
Breast disease	1.79^*	1.11–2.88
Smoking	3.76^*	1.54-9.16
Axillary management§
Sentinel lymph node biopsy	2.62^*	1.86–3.68
Both	5.48^*	3.28-9.16
No axillary management	0.91	0.69–1.20
Radiotherapy\|\|
Yes with mastectomy	2.97^*	2.39–3.69
Yes with breast conserving surgery	2.34^*	1.89–2.90
No with breast conserving surgery	13.35^*	4.99–35.67
Staging of breast cancer¶
Stage 1	1.13	0.94–1.35
Stage 2	2.43^*	1.99–2.97
Stages 3 and 4	3.35^*	2.46–4.56

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