Table 5 Univariate and multivariate survival analysis patients included in this study

Age (≥ 65 years)

0.759 (0.388–1.486)

0.421

Gender (female)

0.919 (0.500–1.686)

0.784

Tumor location (lower third)

1.918 (1.030–3.569)

0.039

1.228 (0.637–2.367)

0.539

Tumor size (≥ 5 cm)

4.428 (2.373–8.261)

< 0.001

3.095 (1.573–6.089)

0.001

Macroscopic type (type III-IV)

2.809 (1.592–4.956)

< 0.001

1.441 (0.787–2.636)

0.236

Histologic grade (≥ poor)

3.400 (1.057–10.940)

0.040

2.586 (0.757–8.835)

0.129

T stage (T4)

3.408 (1.698–6.841)

< 0.001

1.324 (0.609–2.877)

0.478

N stage (N1-3)

4.633 (1.968–10.900)

< 0.001

2.608 (1.046–6.506)

0.039

Chemotherapy (without)

1.317 (0.747–2.321)

0.341