Fig. 1

In vivo experiment. a Partial hepatectomy was performed through a 2.5-cm subcostal incision for 3 groups of rats that underwent different conditions of hydropathic compression of the cut hepatectomy surface. At the time of sacrifice, no severe abdominal adhesions were identified in DW group (b), DAW-3-min group (c), and DAW-5-min group (d)