The change of health-related quality of life after minimally invasive esophagectomy for esophageal cancer: a meta-analysis

Zhang, Yong; Yang, Xiaomei; Geng, Donghong; Duan, Yingfei; Fu, Junke

doi:10.1186/s12957-018-1330-9

Table 4 Change in 24 HRQL outcomes after MIE at 3,6,12 and 24 months follow-up

From: The change of health-related quality of life after minimally invasive esophagectomy for esophageal cancer: a meta-analysis

	Baseline vs. 3 months					Baseline vs. 6 months					Baseline vs. 12 months					Baseline vs. 24 months
	Patients^†	MD	Heterogeneity			Patients^†	MD	Heterogeneity			Patients^†	MD	Heterogeneity			Patients^†	MD	Heterogeneity
	(groups)	(clinical relevance)	Tau²	Chi ²	I²(%)	(groups)	(clinical relevance)	Tau²	Chi ²	I²(%)	(groups)	(clinical relevance)	Tau²	Chi ²	I²(%)	(groups)	(clinical relevance)	Tau²	Chi ²	I²(%)
Physical function ^‡	1753	-14.36 [-11.77, -16.95]	2.88	P=0.09	58	1841	-9.32 [-5.36, -13.28]	11.17	P=0.001	81	1787	-7.42 [-4.80, -10.03]	3.29	P=0.10	53	1489	-4.31 [-3.27, -5.36]	1.87	P=0.17	46
Physical function ^‡	3	Medium				4	Small				4	Small				2	Trivial
Role function ^‡	919	-18.55 [-3.14, -33.97]	175.01	P<0.00001	95	1007	-10.01 [3.93, -23.94]	187.29	P<0.00001	95	899	-9.07 [0.04, -18.18]	48.02	P=0.01	77	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Role function ^‡	3	Medium				4	Small				3	Small
Emotional function ^‡	919	0.83 [8.45, -6.79]	36.33	P=0.003	82	1007	3.47 [8.88, -1.94]	19.65	P=0.02	68	899	2.05 [6.05, -1.95]	1.78	P=0.32	11	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Emotional function ^‡	3	Trivial				4	Trivial				3	Trivial
Cognitive function ^‡	919	-3.78 [4.16, -11.71]	41.8	P=0.0003	88	1007	-2.02 [5.32, -9.36]	46.43	P<0.0001	87	899	-4.14 [2.29, -10.57]	19.97	P=0.07	62	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Cognitive function ^‡	3	Small				4	Small				3	Small
Social function ^‡	919	-11.31 [4.43, -27.05]	183.61	P<0.00001	95	1007	-4.38 [8.20, -16.97]	149.24	P<0.00001	93	911	-6.56 [2.03, -15.14]	41.72	P=0.02	75	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Social function ^‡	3	Medium				4	Trivial				3	Trivial
Global QoL ^‡	1753	-7.26 [-5.88, -8.64]	3.85	P=0.15	48	1740	-4.94 [-2.95, -6.94]	1.04	P=0.25	28	1758	-0.52 [4.67, -5.72]	21.2	P=0.0002	85	1489	0.11 [1.58, -1.36]	1.37	P=0.24	27
Global QoL ^‡	3	Small				3	Trivial				4	Trivial				2	Trivial
Dyspnea ^‡	1753	-12.06 [-15.97, -8.15]	7.67	P=0.02	74	1740	-10.48 [-15.13, -5.84]	12.28	P=0.003	83	1692	-8.98 [-13.20, -4.76]	9.56	P=0.01	77	1489	-6.37 [-7.23, -5.52]	2.87	P=0.09	65
Dyspnea ^‡	3	Medium				3	Small				3	Small				2	Small
Pain ^‡	1753	-13.85 [-17.30, -10.40]	5.81	P=0.05	67	1845	-11.36 [-14.48, -8.23]	4.82	P=0.09	53	1853	-5.04 [-10.96, 0.87]	33.42	P<0.00001	86	1489	-5.76 [-12.71, 1.18]	23.29	P=0.0003	92
Pain ^‡	3	Medium				4	Small				5	Small				2	Small
Fatigue ^‡	1753	-20.60 [-24.12, -17.08]	5.74	P=0.06	64	1841	-13.68 [-19.58, -7.78]	26.49	P=0.0001	86	1787	-9.27 [-15.27, -3.27]	27.38	P=0.0001	85	1489	-6.48 [-10.74, -2.21]	7.79	P=0.02	80
Fatigue ^‡	3	Large				4	Medium				4	Small				2	Small
Insomnia ^‡	919	-7.64 [-11.52, -3.76]	2.53	P=0.28	21	906	-4.48 [-8.34, -0.63]		P=0.22	35	852	-5.82 [-10.08, -1.56]	0.05	P=0.82	0	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Insomnia ^‡	3	Small				3	Small				2	Small
Anorexia ^‡	919	-18.36 [-32.27, -4.45]	129.55	P=0.0005	87	1007	-6.71 [-16.85, 3.43	87.85	P=0.0002	85	899	-4.29 [-9.73, 1.15]	8.92	P=0.21	36	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Anorexia ^‡	3	Medium				4	Small				3	Small
Nausea and Vomiting ^‡	919	-10.43 [-19.51, -1.35]	56.71	P<0.0001	91	1007	-6.06 [-13.10, 0.97]	41.88	P<0.0001	86	899	-5.20 [-12.20, 1.81]	28.32	P=0.02	75	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Nausea and Vomiting ^‡	3	Small				4	Small				3	Trivial
Constipation ^‡	919	-4.27 [-7.21, -1.33]	1.48	P=0.48	0	1243	-5.42 [-8.26, -2.58]	3.22	P=0.20	38	804	-3.10 [-6.31, 0.10]		P=0.90	0	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Constipation ^‡	3	Trivial				3	Small				2	Trivial
Diarrhea ^‡	919	-12.42 [-20.99, -3.85]	43.7	P=0.01	77	906	-13.44 [-23.53, -3.34]	65.62	P=0.002	84	804	-12.69 [-15.97, -9.41]		P=0.40	0	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Diarrhea ^‡	3	Small				3	Small				2	Small
Financial ^‡	169	-7.18 [-13.71, -0.65]	1.06	P=0.30	6	167	-6.51 [-13.31, 0.29]		P=0.24	29	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Financial ^‡	2	Small				2	Small
Dysphagia ^§	919	6.70 [-17.38, 30.77]	440.55	P<0.00001	98	1007	7.11 [-12.89, 27.10]	398.73	P<0.00001	97	899	-4.51 [-14.17, 5.14]	57.58	P=0.005	81	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Dysphagia ^§	3	Small				4	Small				3	Trivial
Eating Problem ^§	919	-5.85 [-34.21, 22.50]	616.02	P<0.00001	98	1007	-0.94 [-21.86, 19.97]	440.12	P<0.00001	97	899	-3.51 [-12.05, 5.04]	43.43	P=0.01	78	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Eating Problem ^§	3	Small				4	Trivial				3	Trivial
Reflux ^§	804	-14.01 [-39.88, 11.86]	339.53	P<0.00001	97	915	-5.21 [-19.44, 9.01]	148.13	P<0.00001	95	788	-3.25 [-6.87, 0.37]		P=0.72	0	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Reflux ^§	2	Medium				3	Trivial				2	Trivial
Pain-OES18 ^§	804	0.46 [-3.91, 4.84]	6.49	P=0.09	64	896	2.13 [-2.65, 6.92]	11.24	P=0.05	66	788	0.31 [-3.08, 3.69]	1.14	P=0.29	9	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Pain-OES18 ^§	2	Trivial				3	Trivial				2	Trivial
Swallowing problem ^§	919	-6.36 [-14.87, 2.15]	45.68	P=0.003	83	906	-5.05 [-13.39, 3.29]	43.04	0.005	81	804	-6.40 [-17.92, 5.12]	61.41	P=0.004	88	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Swallowing problem ^§	3	Small				3	Small				2	Trivial
Dry mouth ^§	919	-5.82 [-11.64, -0.01]	13.73	P=0.13	51	906	-5.66 [-12.38, 1.06]	22.69	P=0.06	65	804	-9.19 [-13.24, -5.13]		P=0.30	5	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Dry mouth ^§	3	Small				3	Small				2	Small
Taste problem ^§	919	-10.26 [-26.13, 5.61]	181.5	P<0.00001	93	906	-6.75 [-16.15, 2.65]	54.91	P=0.006	81	804	-8.42 [-12.46, -4.38]		P=0.28	14	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Taste problem ^§	3	Medium				3	Small				2	Small
Cough problem ^§	919	-15.35 [-25.20, -5.50]	56.49	P=0.02	76	906	-12.05 [-23.21, -0.88]	78.64	P=0.004	82	804	-11.01 [-18.89, -3.13]	19.56	P=0.13	55	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Cough problem ^§	3	Medium				3	Medium				2	Medium
Speech problem ^§	919	-9.94 [-12.68, -7.20]		P=0.15	48	906	-8.45 [-11.07, -5.84]	1.9	P=0.39	0	870	-3.16 [-9.25, 2.92]	17.59	P=0.08	60	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Speech problem ^§	3	Small				3	Small				3	Trivial

N/A not applicable (this means that no two patient groups were available to derive a summary estimate of HRQL change by meta-analysis)
MD Mean difference / mean change
^†The amount of patients in each analysis are the number of patients at baseline and the given follow-up time (e.g., the number of patients at 3 months follow-up represent the number of patients at baseline and the number of patients at 3 months follow-up, combined).
^‡Mean difference; measured by the QLQ-C30
^§Mean difference; measured by the QLQ-OES18
'Sufficiently' homogenous estimates are presented in bold (I² ≤50% AND P≥ 0.1)

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