Table 1 Comparison of clinicopathological data for patients classified into four groups
From: Prognostic significance of microvascular invasion in tumor stage for hepatocellular carcinoma
Total (n = 676) | Group A (N = 335) | Group B (N = 193) | Group C (N = 103) | Group D (N = 45) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | 0.28 | |||||
Male | 530 (78.4%) | 260 (77.6%) | 146 (75.6%) | 85 (82.5%) | 39 (86.7%) | |
Female | 146 (21.6%) | 75 (22.4%) | 47 (24.4%) | 18 (17.5%) | 6 (13.3%) | |
Ages (years) | 52.3 ± 10.2 | 52.7 ± 10.0 | 52.1 ± 10.7 | 51.4 ± 10.5 | 51.7 ± 9.4 | 0.244 |
Hepatitis B surface antigen | 0.171 | |||||
Negative | 141 (21.5%) | 76 (23.2%) | 43 (23.2%) | 17 (17.0%) | 5 (11.1%) | |
Positive | 516 (78.5%) | 251 (76.8%) | 142 (76.8%) | 83 (83.0%) | 40 (88.9%) | |
Hepatitis C antibody | 0.351 | |||||
Negative | 593 (94.0%) | 293 (93.3%) | 166 (93.3%) | 91 (94.8%) | 43 (100.0%) | |
Positive | 38 (6.0%) | 21 (6.7%) | 12 (6.7%) | 5 (5.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
Platelet count (× 1000/uL) | 170 ± 81 | 157 ± 75 | 174 ± 82 | 187 ± 85 | 204 ± 96 | < 0.001 |
Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.0 ± 0.9 | 1.0 ± 0.8 | 1.1 ± 1.3 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 0.49 |
Serum albumin (g/dL) | 4.0 ± 0.5 | 4.0 ± 0.5 | 3.9 ± 0.5 | 4.0 ± 0.4 | 3.8 ± 0.5 | 0.368 |
Serum total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.9 ± 1.2 | 0.9 ± 0.6 | 1.1 ± 1.9 | 0.9 ± 1.0 | 0.9 ± 0.5 | 0.587 |
Serum AST (U/L) | 59.5 ± 66.4 | 50.9 ± 40.5 | 69.6 ± 102.9 | 57.3 ± 37.0 | 85.1 ± 65.2 | 0.002 |
Serum ALT (U/L) | 56.1 ± 59.8 | 54.2 ± 48.3 | 59.9 ± 84.0 | 50.7 ± 38.2 | 66.7 ± 52.8 | 0.471 |
Prothrombin time (seconds) | 12.4 ± 1.4 | 12.5 ± 1.4 | 12.5 ± 1.6 | 12.1 ± 1.3 | 12.8 ± 1.4 | 0.587 |
ICG-R15 (%) | 14.9 ± 9.8 | 15.4 ± 9.9 | 13.7 ± 7.9 | 15.8 ± 13.2 | 14.3 ± 8.5 | 0.608 |
Child–Turcotte–Pugh classification | 0.062 | |||||
A | 623 (92.6%) | 317 (95.2%) | 170 (88.5%) | 94 (91.3%) | 42 (93.3%) | |
B | 36 (5.3%) | 9 (2.7%) | 16 (8.3%) | 8 (7.8%) | 3 (6.7%) | |
C | 14 (2.1%) | 7 (2.1%) | 6 (3.1%) | 1 (1.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
Alpha-fetoprotein (ng/mL) | 3705.9 ± 10,891.1 | 913.7 ± 4020.0 | 4598.0 ± 11,355.1 | 7336.6 ± 16,371.8 | 12,966.7 ± 18,814.6 | < 0.001 |
Preoperative TACE | 0.086 | |||||
No | 413 (64.0%) | 195 (60.7%) | 126 (69.6%) | 68 (68.7%) | 24 (54.5%) | |
Yes | 232 (40.0%) | 126 (39.3%) | 55 (30.4%) | 31 (31.3%) | 20 (45.5%) | |
Types of hepatic resection | < 0.001 | |||||
Major | 262 (38.7%) | 87 (26.0%) | 77 (39.9%) | 57 (55.4%) | 41 (91.1%) | |
Sectionectomy | 184 (27.2%) | 104 (31.0%) | 45 (23.3%) | 33 (31.7%) | 2 (4.4%) | |
Segmentectomy or less | 230 (34.1%) | 144 (43.0%) | 71 (36.8%) | 13 (12.9%) | 2 (4.4%) | |
Size of the tumor (cm) | 5.4 ± 3.9 | 3.9 ± 2.9 | 6.1 ± 4.2 | 7.2 ± 3.7 | 9.5 ± 4.2 | < 0.001 |
Tumor number | 0.001 | |||||
Single | 536 (79.3%) | 287 (85.7%) | 142 (73.6%) | 76 (73.8%) | 31 (68.9%) | |
Multiple | 140 (20.7%) | 48 (14.3%) | 51 (26.4%) | 27 (26.2%) | 14 (31.1%) | |
Portal vein invasion | < 0.001 | |||||
Negative | 537 (79.4%) | 335 (100.0%) | 193 (100.0%) | 7 (6.8%) | 2 (4.4%) | |
Positive | 139 (20.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 96 (93.2%) | 43 (95.6%) | |
Hepatic vein invasion | < 0.001 | |||||
Negative | 647 (95.7%) | 335 (100.0%) | 193 (100.0%) | 89 (86.4%) | 30 (66.7%) | |
Positive | 29 (4.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 14 (13.6%) | 15 (33.3%) | |
Microvascular invasion | < 0.001 | |||||
Negative | 348 (51.5%) | 335 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 9 (6.9%) | 4 (4.7%) | |
Positive | 328 (48.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 193 (100.0%) | 94 (93.1%) | 41 (95.3%) | |
Intrahepatic metastasis | < 0.001 | |||||
Negative | 452 (66.9%) | 265 (79.1%) | 124 (64.2%) | 48 (46.6%) | 15 (33.3%) | |
Positive | 224 (33.1%) | 70 (20.9%) | 69 (35.8%) | 55 (53.4%) | 30 (66.7%) | |
Histologic grading by Edmondson and Steiner’s classification | < 0.001 | |||||
Negative | 379 (60.7%) | 227 (78.3%) | 88 (46.1%) | 46 (46.0%) | 18 (41.9%) | |
Positive | 245 (39.3%) | 63 (21.7%) | 103 (53.9%) | 54 (54.0%) | 25 (58.1%) | |
Microscopic resection margin | < 0.001 | |||||
Negative | 589 (87.9%) | 312 (93.7%) | 170 (89.0%) | 79 (77.5%) | 28 (63.6%) | |
Positive | 81 (12.1%) | 21 (6.3%) | 21 (11.0%) | 23 (22.5%) | 16 (36.4%) | |
Cirrhosis | 0.346 | |||||
Negative | 296 (47.0%) | 141 (44.8%) | 93 (50.8%) | 47 (50.5%) | 15 (38.5%) | |
Positive | 334 (53.0%) | 174 (55.2%) | 90 (49.2%) | 46 (49.5%) | 24 (61.5%) | |
AJCC TNM stage | < 0.001 | |||||
I | 260 (38.4%) | 265 (79.1%) | 2 (1.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
II | 244 (36.1%) | 40 (11.9%) | 142 (73.6%) | 65 (63.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
III-A | 62 (9.2%) | 14 (4.2%) | 26 (13.5%) | 24 (23.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
III-B | 50 (7.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 38 (84.4%) | |
III-C | 54 (8.0%) | 15 (4.5%) | 21 (10.9%) | 12 (11.7%) | 6 (13.3%) | |
IV-A | 6 (0.9%) | 1 (0.3%) | 2 (1.0%) | 2 (1.9%) | 1 (2.2%) | |
LCSGJ TNM stage | < 0.001 | |||||
I | 78 (11.8%) | 67 (20.6%) | 11 (5.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
II | 329 (49.8%) | 207 (63.7%) | 114 (59.1%) | 5 (5.1%) | 3 (6.7%) | |
III | 183 (27.7%) | 51 (15.7%) | 63 (32.6%) | 54 (55.1%) | 15 (33.3%) | |
IV | 71 (10.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (2.6%) | 39 (39.8%) | 27 (60.0%) | |