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Table 2 Quality assessment of included studies using the Cochrane Collaboration’s Risk of Bias Tool and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS)

From: Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery versus laparoscopic right colectomy: a meta-analysis

Design

Study

Selection bias

Performance bias

Detection bias

Attrition bias

Reporting bias

Other bias

RCT

Ng et al. [20]

Low risk

High risk

High risk

Low risk

Low risk

Unclear risk

Design

Study

Selection

Comparability

Exposure

Quality judgment

  

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

 

non-RCTs

Bae et al. [19]

 

7

 

Papaconstantinou et al. [21]

 

8

 

Qiu et al. [22]

 

8

 

Vogel et al. [23]

 

7

  1. Selection: 1. Is the case definition adequate? 2. Representativeness of the cases; 3. Selection of controls; 4. Definition of controls. Comparability: 5. Did the study have no differences between hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery and laparoscopic right colectomy? Five main factors were considerate: histologic diagnosis, age, sex, BMI, and ASA. Exposure: 6. Ascertainment of exposure; 7. Same method of ascertainment for cases and controls; 8. Non-response rate
  2. It stands for one score in the assessment of study quality
  3. It stands for two scores in the assessment of study quality