Table 2 Summary estimates of diagnostic criteria and their 95% confidence intervals

Ethnicity

 Asian

0.83 (0.78–0.87)

0.84 (0.77–0.89)

5.2 (3.5–7.8)

0.21 (0.15–0.28)

25 (13–48)

0.90 (0.87–0.92)

 Caucasian

0.68 (0.61–0.73)

0.74 (0.68–0.79)

2.6 (2.0–3.3)

0.44 (0.36–0.54)

6 (4–9)

0.76 (0.73–0.80)

MiRNA profiling

 Single miRNAs

0.65 (0.60–0.70)

0.73 (0.68–0.78)

2.5 (2.0–3.1)

0.47 (0.40–0.56)

5 (4–8)

0.74 (0.70–0.78)

 Multiple miRNAs

0.87 (0.82–0.91)

0.84 (0.74–0.91)

5.6 (3.3–9.3)

0.15 (0.11–0.20)

36 (22–61)

0.92 (0.89–0.84)

Sample types

 Blood-based

0.79 (0.68–0.87)

0.90 (0.85–0.93)

7.7 (5.2–11.3)

0.23 (0.15–0.37)

33 (16–65)

0.90 (0.87–0.93)

 Urine-based

0.70 (0.64–0.75)

0.72 (0.67–0.77)

2.5 (2.0–3.1)

0.42 (0.34–0.53)

6 (4–9)

0.77 (0.73–0.80)

Sample size

 >40

0.70 (0.64–0.76)

0.75 (0.69–0.80)

2.8 (2.1–3.7)

0.40 (0.31–0.52)

7 (4–12)

0.79 (0.75–0.82)

 ≤40

0.74 (0.66–0.81)

0.81 (0.70–0.89)

3.9 (2.4–6.3)

0.32 (0.24–0.43)

12 (6–23)

0.80 (0.76–0.83)

Overall

0.72 (0.66–0.76)

0.76 (0.71–0.81)

3.0 (2.4–3.8)

0.37 (0.30–0.46)

8 (5–12)

0.80 (0.77–0.84)